Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on financial performance and stock returns in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2020-2022. This research uses a quantitative approach with secondary data as the primary source. The research sample was selected using the purposive sampling method, resulting in 47 issuers as research objects. The data analysis technique used Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) software, which allows in-depth analysis of the relationship between CSR variables and financial performance and stock returns. The results showed that CSR disclosure positively and significantly influences financial performance, as measured by Return on Equity (ROE). In addition, CSR also indicates a positive and significant influence on stock returns. These findings suggest that CSR disclosure is a corporate social responsibility and an effective business strategy to create added value. With higher CSR disclosure, companies can increase investor confidence, attract market interest, and strengthen their reputation, ultimately impacting growing profits and stock market stability. This study implies that companies, particularly in the banking sector, must strengthen CSR disclosure as part of their business strategy. Transparent CSR disclosure not only improves the competitiveness of companies in the capital market but also supports long-term sustainability. The findings are also relevant for regulators to design policies encouraging accountability and transparency in CSR reports, creating a more stable and sustainable investment environment.
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References
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- Al-Shammari, M. A., Banerjee, S. N., & Rasheed, A. A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: a theory of dual responsibility. Management Decision, 60(6), 1513–1540. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2020-1584
- AlAjmi, J., Buallay, A., & Saudagaran, S. (2023). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and banks’ performance: the role of economic performance and institutional quality. International Journal of Social Economics, 50(3), 359–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2020-0757
- Alamoudi, M. H., & Bafail, O. A. (2022). BWM—RAPS approach for evaluating and ranking banking sector companies based on their financial indicators in the Saudi stock market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(10), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15100467
- Bhatter, H. K., & Chhatoi, B. P. (2023). Financial inclusion and financial performance: evaluating the moderating effect of mandatory corporate social responsibility. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 15(3), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-01-2023-0012
- Bodhanwala, S., & Bodhanwala, R. (2018). Does corporate sustainability impact firm profitability? Evidence from India. Management Decision, 56(8), 1734–1747. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0381
- Chen, Z., & Xie, G. (2022). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Moderating role of ESG investors. International Review of Financial Analysis, 83, 102291. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102291
- Cherkasova, V., Fedorova, E., & Stepnov, I. (2023). Market reaction to firms’ investments in CSR projects. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 28(55), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-08-2021-0150
- Dakhli, A. (2022). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm financial performance: does audit quality matter? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 23(5), 950–976. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-06-2021-0150
- Ekadjaja, A., & Ekadjaja, M. (2020). Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Risiko Keuangan, dan Kinerja Perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi, 25(3), 391–412. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v25i3.687
- Eldomiaty, T., Saeed, Y., Hammam, R., & AboulSoud, S. (2020). The associations between stock prices, inflation rates, interest rates are still persistent. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(49), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-10-2018-0105
- Giannopoulos, G., Pilcher, N., & Salmon, I. (2024). What Is the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in the UK Banking Sector? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050187
- Gupta, J., & Das, N. (2022). Multidimensional corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial performance: A meta‐analytical review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(4), 731–748. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2237
- Gutiérrez-Ponce, H., & Wibowo, S. A. (2023). Do sustainability activities affect the financial performance of banks? The case of Indonesian Banks. Sustainability, 15(8), 6892. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086892
- Hafeez, B. (2023). CSR Disclosure and Bank’s Financial Performance Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, 10(2), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v10i2.1404
- Halkos, G. E., & Nomikos, S. N. (2021). Reviewing the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) legal framework. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(4), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-04-2021-0073
- Hamad, H. A., & Cek, K. (2023). The moderating effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: Evidence from OECD countries. Sustainability, 15(11), 8901. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118901
- Hasan, I., Kobeissi, N., Liu, L., & Wang, H. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Productivity. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(3), 671–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3066-1
- Kaur, N., & Singh, V. (2021). Empirically examining the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: evidence from Indian steel industry. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(2), 134–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-07-2020-0061
- Kurniati, S. (2019). Stock returns and financial performance as mediation variables in the influence of good corporate governance on corporate value. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(6), 1289–1309. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2018-0308
- Li, T., Trinh, V. Q., & Elnahass, M. (2023). Drivers of global banking stability in times of crisis: the role of corporate social responsibility. British Journal of Management, 34(2), 595–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12631
- Liu, Y., Saleem, S., Shabbir, R., Shabbir, M. S., Irshad, A., & Khan, S. (2021). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: a moderate role of fintech technology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 20174–20187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11822-9
- Loan, B. T. T., Anh, T. T. L., & Hoang, T. (2024). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Empirical study of Vietnamese commercial banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(1), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.18
- Maqbool, S. (2019). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? Evidence from BSE 100 index. DECISION, 46(3), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-019-00219-4
- Oladele, S. O., & Tedekon, A. C. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities and the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria. Fuoye Journal Of Accounting And Management, 7(1). http://www.fjam.fuoye.edu.ng/index.php/fjam/article/download/208/156.
- Petro, S., Octavia, R., & Diarsyad, M. I. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Green Banking Disclosure (Studi Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Di Indonesia Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Periode 2018 –2020). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, 14(1), 7–14. https://ejournal.uigm.ac.id/index.php/EGMK/article/download/2814/1905.
- Rashid, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility reporting: meeting stakeholders expectations or efficient allocation of resources? International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 29(2), 280–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-09-2020-0150
- Saeed, M. M., Mudliar, M., & Kumari, M. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance nexus: Empirical evidence from Ghana. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(6), 2799–2815. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2516
- Siegel, J. J. (2021). Stocks for the long run: The definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Spence, M. (1978). 18 - JOB MARKET SIGNALING. The essay is based on the author’s doctoral dissertation (“Market Signalling: The Informational Structure of Job Markets and Related Phenomena,” Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1972), forthcoming as a book entitled Market Sig (P. DIAMOND & M. B. T.-U. in E. ROTHSCHILD (eds.); pp. 281–306). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-214850-7.50025-5
- Tsai, H.-J., & Wu, Y. (2022). Changes in Corporate Social Responsibility and Stock Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(3), 735–755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04772-w
- Ur Rehman, Z., Zahid, M., Rahman, H. U., Asif, M., Alharthi, M., Irfan, M., & Glowacz, A. (2020). Do corporate social responsibility disclosures improve financial performance? A perspective of the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(8), 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083302
- Velte, P., & Stawinoga, M. (2020). Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative research findings. Journal of Management Control, 31(4), 333–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x
- Vernimmen, P., Quiry, P., & Le Fur, Y. (2022). Corporate finance: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
- Ye, C., Song, X., & Liang, Y. (2022). Corporate sustainability performance, stock returns, and ESG indicators: fresh insights from EU member states. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(58), 87680–87691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20789-8
- Zafar, M. B., Sulaiman, A. A., & Nawaz, M. (2022). Does corporate social responsibility yield financial returns in Islamic banking? Social Responsibility Journal, 18(7), 1285–1310. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2020-0160
- Zerbini, F. (2017). CSR Initiatives as Market Signals: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 146(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2922-8
- Zuriat, M. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Firm Financial Performance. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v10.no1.2024.pg13.30
References
Ahn, S.-Y., & Park, D.-J. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Longevity: The Mediating Role of Social Capital and Moral Legitimacy in Korea. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3161-3
Al-Shammari, M. A., Banerjee, S. N., & Rasheed, A. A. (2022). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: a theory of dual responsibility. Management Decision, 60(6), 1513–1540. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2020-1584
AlAjmi, J., Buallay, A., & Saudagaran, S. (2023). Corporate social responsibility disclosure and banks’ performance: the role of economic performance and institutional quality. International Journal of Social Economics, 50(3), 359–376. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijse-11-2020-0757
Alamoudi, M. H., & Bafail, O. A. (2022). BWM—RAPS approach for evaluating and ranking banking sector companies based on their financial indicators in the Saudi stock market. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(10), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15100467
Bhatter, H. K., & Chhatoi, B. P. (2023). Financial inclusion and financial performance: evaluating the moderating effect of mandatory corporate social responsibility. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 15(3), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-01-2023-0012
Bodhanwala, S., & Bodhanwala, R. (2018). Does corporate sustainability impact firm profitability? Evidence from India. Management Decision, 56(8), 1734–1747. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2017-0381
Chen, Z., & Xie, G. (2022). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Moderating role of ESG investors. International Review of Financial Analysis, 83, 102291. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102291
Cherkasova, V., Fedorova, E., & Stepnov, I. (2023). Market reaction to firms’ investments in CSR projects. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 28(55), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-08-2021-0150
Dakhli, A. (2022). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm financial performance: does audit quality matter? Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 23(5), 950–976. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-06-2021-0150
Ekadjaja, A., & Ekadjaja, M. (2020). Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Risiko Keuangan, dan Kinerja Perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi, 25(3), 391–412. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v25i3.687
Eldomiaty, T., Saeed, Y., Hammam, R., & AboulSoud, S. (2020). The associations between stock prices, inflation rates, interest rates are still persistent. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 25(49), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-10-2018-0105
Giannopoulos, G., Pilcher, N., & Salmon, I. (2024). What Is the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance in the UK Banking Sector? Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(5), 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17050187
Gupta, J., & Das, N. (2022). Multidimensional corporate social responsibility disclosure and financial performance: A meta‐analytical review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(4), 731–748. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2237
Gutiérrez-Ponce, H., & Wibowo, S. A. (2023). Do sustainability activities affect the financial performance of banks? The case of Indonesian Banks. Sustainability, 15(8), 6892. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086892
Hafeez, B. (2023). CSR Disclosure and Bank’s Financial Performance Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan. Sukkur IBA Journal of Management and Business, 10(2), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.30537/sijmb.v10i2.1404
Halkos, G. E., & Nomikos, S. N. (2021). Reviewing the status of corporate social responsibility (CSR) legal framework. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 32(4), 700–716. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-04-2021-0073
Hamad, H. A., & Cek, K. (2023). The moderating effects of corporate social responsibility on corporate financial performance: Evidence from OECD countries. Sustainability, 15(11), 8901. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15118901
Hasan, I., Kobeissi, N., Liu, L., & Wang, H. (2018). Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Productivity. Journal of Business Ethics, 149(3), 671–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3066-1
Kaur, N., & Singh, V. (2021). Empirically examining the impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: evidence from Indian steel industry. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(2), 134–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-07-2020-0061
Kurniati, S. (2019). Stock returns and financial performance as mediation variables in the influence of good corporate governance on corporate value. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 19(6), 1289–1309. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2018-0308
Li, T., Trinh, V. Q., & Elnahass, M. (2023). Drivers of global banking stability in times of crisis: the role of corporate social responsibility. British Journal of Management, 34(2), 595–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12631
Liu, Y., Saleem, S., Shabbir, R., Shabbir, M. S., Irshad, A., & Khan, S. (2021). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance: a moderate role of fintech technology. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 20174–20187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11822-9
Loan, B. T. T., Anh, T. T. L., & Hoang, T. (2024). ESG disclosure and financial performance: Empirical study of Vietnamese commercial banks. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(1), 208–220. https://doi.org/10.21511/bbs.19(1).2024.18
Maqbool, S. (2019). Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance? Evidence from BSE 100 index. DECISION, 46(3), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-019-00219-4
Oladele, S. O., & Tedekon, A. C. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities and the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Nigeria. Fuoye Journal Of Accounting And Management, 7(1). http://www.fjam.fuoye.edu.ng/index.php/fjam/article/download/208/156.
Petro, S., Octavia, R., & Diarsyad, M. I. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Governance Terhadap Green Banking Disclosure (Studi Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Di Indonesia Yang Terdaftar Di Bei Periode 2018 –2020). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Global Masa Kini, 14(1), 7–14. https://ejournal.uigm.ac.id/index.php/EGMK/article/download/2814/1905.
Rashid, A. (2021). Corporate social responsibility reporting: meeting stakeholders expectations or efficient allocation of resources? International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 29(2), 280–304. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-09-2020-0150
Saeed, M. M., Mudliar, M., & Kumari, M. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance nexus: Empirical evidence from Ghana. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(6), 2799–2815. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2516
Siegel, J. J. (2021). Stocks for the long run: The definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies. McGraw-Hill Education.
Spence, M. (1978). 18 - JOB MARKET SIGNALING. The essay is based on the author’s doctoral dissertation (“Market Signalling: The Informational Structure of Job Markets and Related Phenomena,” Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1972), forthcoming as a book entitled Market Sig (P. DIAMOND & M. B. T.-U. in E. ROTHSCHILD (eds.); pp. 281–306). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-214850-7.50025-5
Tsai, H.-J., & Wu, Y. (2022). Changes in Corporate Social Responsibility and Stock Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 178(3), 735–755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04772-w
Ur Rehman, Z., Zahid, M., Rahman, H. U., Asif, M., Alharthi, M., Irfan, M., & Glowacz, A. (2020). Do corporate social responsibility disclosures improve financial performance? A perspective of the Islamic banking industry in Pakistan. Sustainability, 12(8), 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083302
Velte, P., & Stawinoga, M. (2020). Do chief sustainability officers and CSR committees influence CSR-related outcomes? A structured literature review based on empirical-quantitative research findings. Journal of Management Control, 31(4), 333–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00187-020-00308-x
Vernimmen, P., Quiry, P., & Le Fur, Y. (2022). Corporate finance: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Ye, C., Song, X., & Liang, Y. (2022). Corporate sustainability performance, stock returns, and ESG indicators: fresh insights from EU member states. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(58), 87680–87691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20789-8
Zafar, M. B., Sulaiman, A. A., & Nawaz, M. (2022). Does corporate social responsibility yield financial returns in Islamic banking? Social Responsibility Journal, 18(7), 1285–1310. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2020-0160
Zerbini, F. (2017). CSR Initiatives as Market Signals: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Business Ethics, 146(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2922-8
Zuriat, M. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure and Firm Financial Performance. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management Research, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.56201/ijssmr.v10.no1.2024.pg13.30