Main Article Content
Abstract
This study explores the comparative impact of public and private financing on corporate growth strategies, focusing on their respective advantages, limitations, and the contextual factors influencing their effectiveness. It further examines mixed financing strategies as a balanced approach to optimizing financial resources and operational flexibility in various industries. The research adopts a qualitative systematic literature review approach, synthesizing insights from recent studies across diverse theoretical and practical domains. It evaluates the interplay between public and private financing mechanisms, contextual influences such as macroeconomic conditions and industry dynamics, and the implications of mixed financing strategies. The study identifies that public financing provides substantial capital and market visibility, supporting large-scale expansion and diversification. However, it also imposes regulatory pressures and shareholder expectations. Private financing offers flexibility, strategic support, and greater managerial control, making it suitable for high-risk and innovative sectors, though it is limited by funding capacity and investor dependency. Mixed financing strategies are highlighted as a pragmatic solution, leveraging the strengths of both mechanisms to balance risk, cost, and flexibility. The study also emphasizes the critical role of external factors, such as economic stability, regulatory policies, and sector-specific needs, in shaping financing decisions. The findings offer practical recommendations for corporate leaders to align financing decisions with strategic objectives and for policymakers to create supportive regulatory frameworks and incentives. This dual approach fosters sustainable growth, innovation, and competitiveness across industries.
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References
- Agénor, P.-R., & da Silva, L. A. P. (2013). Inflation targeting and financial stability: a perspective from the developing world. Inter-American Development Bank Washington, DC.
- Alfaro, L., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., & Volosovych, V. (2014). Sovereigns, Upstream Capital Flows, and Global Imbalances. Journal of the European Economic Association, 12(5), 1240–1284. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12106
- Alina, B. (2024). STRATEGIES AND IMPACTS OF FINANCING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ENTITIES: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH. Journal of Public Administration, Finance & Law, 31. https://doi.org/10.47743/jopafl-2024-31-3
- Amihud, Y., Mendelson, H., & Pedersen, L. H. (2006). Liquidity and asset prices. Foundations and Trends® in Finance, 1(4), 269–364. https://doi.org/10.1561/0500000003
- Barburski, J., & Hołda, A. (2023). Determinants of the Corporate Financing Structure in the Energy and Mining Sectors; A Comparative Analysis Based on the Example of Selected EU Countries for 2012–2020. Energies, 16(12), 4692. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124692
- Bartram, S. M., Brown, G., & Stulz, R. M. (2012). Why are US stocks more volatile? The Journal of Finance, 67(4), 1329–1370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01749.x
- Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., & Siegel, S. (2016). Political risk and international valuation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 37, 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.12.007
- Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (2002). Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure. The Economic Journal, 112(477), F32–F53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00682
- Bernstein, S. (2022). The effects of public and private equity markets on firm behavior. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 14(1), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-052021-072939
- Bernstein, S., Lerner, J., Sorensen, M., & Strömberg, P. (2017). Private equity and industry performance. Management Science, 63(4), 1198–1213. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2404
- Blanchard, O. (2019). Public debt and low interest rates. American Economic Review, 109(4), 1197–1229. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.109.4.1197
- Chakravarty, S. (2022). Resource constrained innovation in a technology intensive sector: Frugal medical devices from manufacturing firms in South Africa. Technovation, 112, 102397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102397
- Chemmanur, T. J., He, S., & Nandy, D. K. (2010). The Going-Public Decision and the Product Market. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(5), 1855–1908. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp098
- Chit, I., & Vasudevan, R. (2024). Navigating Compliance: Strategic Approaches Across Industries An Examination of Organizational Structures and Responses to Regulatory Changes. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/307908
- Clark, R., Reed, J., & Sunderland, T. (2018). Bridging funding gaps for climate and sustainable development: Pitfalls, progress and potential of private finance. Land Use Policy, 71, 335–346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.013
- Dailami, M., & Klein, M. (1998). Government support to private infrastructure projects in emerging markets (Vol. 1868). World Bank Publications.
- Dasuki, R. E. (2021). Manajemen strategi: kajian teori resource based view. https://doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v12i3.710
- Dechezleprêtre, A., Märtin, R.-P., & Mohnen, M. (2014). Knowledge spillovers from clean and dirty technologies. Centre for Economic Performance.
- Demaria, C. (2020). Introduction to private equity, debt and real assets: From venture capital to LBO, senior to distressed debt, immaterial to fixed assets. John Wiley & Sons.
- Falchetta, G., Michoud, B., Hafner, M., & Rother, M. (2022). Harnessing finance for a new era of decentralised electricity access: A review of private investment patterns and emerging business models. Energy Research & Social Science, 90, 102587. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102587
- Fan, J. P. H., Rui, O. M., & Zhao, M. (2008). Public governance and corporate finance: Evidence from corruption cases. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.05.001
- Fay, M., Martimort, D., & Straub, S. (2021). Funding and financing infrastructure: The joint-use of public and private finance. Journal of Development Economics, 150, 102629. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102629
- Froot, K. A., Scharfstein, D. S., & Stein, J. C. (1993). Risk management: Coordinating corporate investment and financing policies. The Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1629–1658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb05123.x
- Fu, J., & Ng, A. W. (2021). Scaling up renewable energy assets: Issuing green bond via structured public-private collaboration for managing risk in an emerging economy. Energies, 14(11), 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113076
- Gatti, S. (2023). Project finance in theory and practice: designing, structuring, and financing private and public projects. Elsevier.
- Ghaemi-Zadeh, N., & Eghbali-Zarch, M. (2024). Evaluation of business strategies based on the financial performance of the corporation and investors’ behavior using D-CRITIC and fuzzy MULTI-MOORA techniques: A real case study. Expert Systems with Applications, 247, 123183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123183
- Giese, G., Lee, L.-E., Melas, D., Nagy, Z., & Nishikawa, L. (2019). Foundations of ESG investing: How ESG affects equity valuation, risk, and performance. Journal of Portfolio Management, 45(5), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2019.45.5.069
- Goldfarb, A., & Tucker, C. (2019). Digital Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(1), 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171452
- Goranova, M., & Ryan, L. V. (2022). The corporate objective revisited: The shareholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 59(2), 526–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOMS.12714
- Graham, J. R., & Leary, M. T. (2018). The Evolution of Corporate Cash. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(11), 4288–4344. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy075
- Hall, B. H., Moncada-Paternò-Castello, P., Montresor, S., & Vezzani, A. (2016). Financing constraints, R&D investments and innovative performances: new empirical evidence at the firm level for Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25(3), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2015.1076194
- Hasibuan, D. H. M., Djanegara, M. S., & Pamungkas, B. (2024). The Role of Supply Chain Management Strategy and Strategic Management Accounting in Increasing Company Growth. Uncertain Supply Chain Management. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.6.002
- Hornuf, L., & Haddad, C. (2019). The Emergence of the Global Fintech Market : Economic and Technological Determinants Christian Haddad The Emergence of the Global Fintech Market : Economic and Technological Determinants Abstract. Small Business Economics, 53, 81–105.
- Islam, M., Fremeth, A., & Marcus, A. (2018). Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.10.001
- Keasey, K., & Wright, M. (1993). Issues In Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Editorial. Accounting and Business Research, 23(sup1), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1993.9729897
- Klein, M., Neitzert, F., Hartmann-Wendels, T., & Kraus, S. (2019). Start-up financing in the digital age: A systematic review and comparison of new forms of financing. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance (JEF), 21(2), 46–98. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/264405
- Lefebvre, V. (2023). The growth process of IPO firms. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 19, e00377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00377
- Lerner, J., & Leamon, A. (2023). Venture capital, private equity, and the financing of entrepreneurship. John Wiley & Sons.
- Lerner, J., & Nanda, R. (2020). Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.3.237
- Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The economics of disclosure and financial reporting regulation: Evidence and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), 525–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12115
- Metrick, A., & Yasuda, A. (2021). Venture capital and the finance of innovation. John Wiley & Sons.
- Murphy, L. M., & Edwards, P. L. (2003). Bridging the valley of death: Transitioning from public to private sector financing. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO.
- Nassr, I. K., & Wehinger, G. (2016). Opportunities and limitations of public equity markets for SMEs. OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2015(1), 49–84. https://doi.org/10.1787/19952872
- Ochinanwata, N., Ezepue, P. O., Nwankwo, T. C., Ochinanwata, C., & Igwe, P. A. (2021). Public–private entrepreneurial financing partnership model in Nigeria. Thunderbird International Business Review, 63(3), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/TIE.22194
- Santos, A. M., Cincera, M., & Cerulli, G. (2024). Sources of financing: Which ones are more effective in innovation–growth linkage? Economic Systems, 48(2), 101177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101177
- Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2023). Corporate finance for long-term value. Springer Nature.
- Sobel, A. C. (2002). State institutions, private incentives, global capital. University of Michigan Press.
- Tirole, J. (2010). The theory of corporate finance. Princeton university press.
- Tula, O. A., Daraojimba, C., Eyo-Udo, N. L., Egbokhaebho, B. A., Ofonagoro, K. A., Ogunjobi, O. A., Gidiagba, J. O., & Banso, A. A. (2023). Analyzing global evolution of materials research funding and its influence on innovation landscape: a case study of us investment strategies. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(3), 120–139. https://doi.org/10.51594/estj.v4i3.556
- Wei, L., & Li, M. (2024). Digital transformation, financing constraints and firm growth performance–From the perspective of financing channels. Finance Research Letters, 63, 105272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105272
- Wesseling, J. H., Lechtenböhmer, S., Åhman, M., Nilsson, L. J., Worrell, E., & Coenen, L. (2017). The transition of energy intensive processing industries towards deep decarbonization: Characteristics and implications for future research. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1303–1313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.156
- Yan, J., & Haroon, M. (2023). Financing efficiency in natural resource markets mobilizing private and public capital for a green recovery. Resources Policy, 85, 103841. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103841
- Zahid, R. M. A., Khan, M. K., & Kaleem, M. S. (2024). Skilled managers and capital financing decisions: navigating Chinese firms through financing constraints and growth opportunities. Kybernetes, 53(11), 4381–4396. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-02-2023-0268
- Zahra, S. A. (1996). Technology strategy and financial performance: Examining the moderating role of the firm’s competitive environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(3), 189–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(96)00001-8
- Ziolo, M., Filipiak, B. Z., Bąk, I., & Cheba, K. (2019). How to design more sustainable financial systems: The roles of environmental, social, and governance factors in the decision-making process. Sustainability, 11(20), 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205604
References
Agénor, P.-R., & da Silva, L. A. P. (2013). Inflation targeting and financial stability: a perspective from the developing world. Inter-American Development Bank Washington, DC.
Alfaro, L., Kalemli-Ozcan, S., & Volosovych, V. (2014). Sovereigns, Upstream Capital Flows, and Global Imbalances. Journal of the European Economic Association, 12(5), 1240–1284. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12106
Alina, B. (2024). STRATEGIES AND IMPACTS OF FINANCING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ENTITIES: A MULTIFACETED APPROACH. Journal of Public Administration, Finance & Law, 31. https://doi.org/10.47743/jopafl-2024-31-3
Amihud, Y., Mendelson, H., & Pedersen, L. H. (2006). Liquidity and asset prices. Foundations and Trends® in Finance, 1(4), 269–364. https://doi.org/10.1561/0500000003
Barburski, J., & Hołda, A. (2023). Determinants of the Corporate Financing Structure in the Energy and Mining Sectors; A Comparative Analysis Based on the Example of Selected EU Countries for 2012–2020. Energies, 16(12), 4692. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124692
Bartram, S. M., Brown, G., & Stulz, R. M. (2012). Why are US stocks more volatile? The Journal of Finance, 67(4), 1329–1370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2012.01749.x
Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., & Siegel, S. (2016). Political risk and international valuation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 37, 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.12.007
Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (2002). Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organisational Structure. The Economic Journal, 112(477), F32–F53. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00682
Bernstein, S. (2022). The effects of public and private equity markets on firm behavior. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 14(1), 295–318. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-052021-072939
Bernstein, S., Lerner, J., Sorensen, M., & Strömberg, P. (2017). Private equity and industry performance. Management Science, 63(4), 1198–1213. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2404
Blanchard, O. (2019). Public debt and low interest rates. American Economic Review, 109(4), 1197–1229. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.109.4.1197
Chakravarty, S. (2022). Resource constrained innovation in a technology intensive sector: Frugal medical devices from manufacturing firms in South Africa. Technovation, 112, 102397. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102397
Chemmanur, T. J., He, S., & Nandy, D. K. (2010). The Going-Public Decision and the Product Market. The Review of Financial Studies, 23(5), 1855–1908. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhp098
Chit, I., & Vasudevan, R. (2024). Navigating Compliance: Strategic Approaches Across Industries An Examination of Organizational Structures and Responses to Regulatory Changes. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12380/307908
Clark, R., Reed, J., & Sunderland, T. (2018). Bridging funding gaps for climate and sustainable development: Pitfalls, progress and potential of private finance. Land Use Policy, 71, 335–346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.013
Dailami, M., & Klein, M. (1998). Government support to private infrastructure projects in emerging markets (Vol. 1868). World Bank Publications.
Dasuki, R. E. (2021). Manajemen strategi: kajian teori resource based view. https://doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v12i3.710
Dechezleprêtre, A., Märtin, R.-P., & Mohnen, M. (2014). Knowledge spillovers from clean and dirty technologies. Centre for Economic Performance.
Demaria, C. (2020). Introduction to private equity, debt and real assets: From venture capital to LBO, senior to distressed debt, immaterial to fixed assets. John Wiley & Sons.
Falchetta, G., Michoud, B., Hafner, M., & Rother, M. (2022). Harnessing finance for a new era of decentralised electricity access: A review of private investment patterns and emerging business models. Energy Research & Social Science, 90, 102587. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102587
Fan, J. P. H., Rui, O. M., & Zhao, M. (2008). Public governance and corporate finance: Evidence from corruption cases. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.05.001
Fay, M., Martimort, D., & Straub, S. (2021). Funding and financing infrastructure: The joint-use of public and private finance. Journal of Development Economics, 150, 102629. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102629
Froot, K. A., Scharfstein, D. S., & Stein, J. C. (1993). Risk management: Coordinating corporate investment and financing policies. The Journal of Finance, 48(5), 1629–1658. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb05123.x
Fu, J., & Ng, A. W. (2021). Scaling up renewable energy assets: Issuing green bond via structured public-private collaboration for managing risk in an emerging economy. Energies, 14(11), 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113076
Gatti, S. (2023). Project finance in theory and practice: designing, structuring, and financing private and public projects. Elsevier.
Ghaemi-Zadeh, N., & Eghbali-Zarch, M. (2024). Evaluation of business strategies based on the financial performance of the corporation and investors’ behavior using D-CRITIC and fuzzy MULTI-MOORA techniques: A real case study. Expert Systems with Applications, 247, 123183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.123183
Giese, G., Lee, L.-E., Melas, D., Nagy, Z., & Nishikawa, L. (2019). Foundations of ESG investing: How ESG affects equity valuation, risk, and performance. Journal of Portfolio Management, 45(5), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2019.45.5.069
Goldfarb, A., & Tucker, C. (2019). Digital Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(1), 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171452
Goranova, M., & Ryan, L. V. (2022). The corporate objective revisited: The shareholder perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 59(2), 526–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOMS.12714
Graham, J. R., & Leary, M. T. (2018). The Evolution of Corporate Cash. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(11), 4288–4344. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy075
Hall, B. H., Moncada-Paternò-Castello, P., Montresor, S., & Vezzani, A. (2016). Financing constraints, R&D investments and innovative performances: new empirical evidence at the firm level for Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 25(3), 183–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2015.1076194
Hasibuan, D. H. M., Djanegara, M. S., & Pamungkas, B. (2024). The Role of Supply Chain Management Strategy and Strategic Management Accounting in Increasing Company Growth. Uncertain Supply Chain Management. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2024.6.002
Hornuf, L., & Haddad, C. (2019). The Emergence of the Global Fintech Market : Economic and Technological Determinants Christian Haddad The Emergence of the Global Fintech Market : Economic and Technological Determinants Abstract. Small Business Economics, 53, 81–105.
Islam, M., Fremeth, A., & Marcus, A. (2018). Signaling by early stage startups: US government research grants and venture capital funding. Journal of Business Venturing, 33(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.10.001
Keasey, K., & Wright, M. (1993). Issues In Corporate Accountability and Governance: An Editorial. Accounting and Business Research, 23(sup1), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.1993.9729897
Klein, M., Neitzert, F., Hartmann-Wendels, T., & Kraus, S. (2019). Start-up financing in the digital age: A systematic review and comparison of new forms of financing. The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance (JEF), 21(2), 46–98. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/264405
Lefebvre, V. (2023). The growth process of IPO firms. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 19, e00377. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2023.e00377
Lerner, J., & Leamon, A. (2023). Venture capital, private equity, and the financing of entrepreneurship. John Wiley & Sons.
Lerner, J., & Nanda, R. (2020). Venture Capital’s Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.3.237
Leuz, C., & Wysocki, P. D. (2016). The economics of disclosure and financial reporting regulation: Evidence and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Research, 54(2), 525–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12115
Metrick, A., & Yasuda, A. (2021). Venture capital and the finance of innovation. John Wiley & Sons.
Murphy, L. M., & Edwards, P. L. (2003). Bridging the valley of death: Transitioning from public to private sector financing. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO.
Nassr, I. K., & Wehinger, G. (2016). Opportunities and limitations of public equity markets for SMEs. OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2015(1), 49–84. https://doi.org/10.1787/19952872
Ochinanwata, N., Ezepue, P. O., Nwankwo, T. C., Ochinanwata, C., & Igwe, P. A. (2021). Public–private entrepreneurial financing partnership model in Nigeria. Thunderbird International Business Review, 63(3), 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/TIE.22194
Santos, A. M., Cincera, M., & Cerulli, G. (2024). Sources of financing: Which ones are more effective in innovation–growth linkage? Economic Systems, 48(2), 101177. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2023.101177
Schoenmaker, D., & Schramade, W. (2023). Corporate finance for long-term value. Springer Nature.
Sobel, A. C. (2002). State institutions, private incentives, global capital. University of Michigan Press.
Tirole, J. (2010). The theory of corporate finance. Princeton university press.
Tula, O. A., Daraojimba, C., Eyo-Udo, N. L., Egbokhaebho, B. A., Ofonagoro, K. A., Ogunjobi, O. A., Gidiagba, J. O., & Banso, A. A. (2023). Analyzing global evolution of materials research funding and its influence on innovation landscape: a case study of us investment strategies. Engineering Science & Technology Journal, 4(3), 120–139. https://doi.org/10.51594/estj.v4i3.556
Wei, L., & Li, M. (2024). Digital transformation, financing constraints and firm growth performance–From the perspective of financing channels. Finance Research Letters, 63, 105272. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.105272
Wesseling, J. H., Lechtenböhmer, S., Åhman, M., Nilsson, L. J., Worrell, E., & Coenen, L. (2017). The transition of energy intensive processing industries towards deep decarbonization: Characteristics and implications for future research. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 1303–1313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.156
Yan, J., & Haroon, M. (2023). Financing efficiency in natural resource markets mobilizing private and public capital for a green recovery. Resources Policy, 85, 103841. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103841
Zahid, R. M. A., Khan, M. K., & Kaleem, M. S. (2024). Skilled managers and capital financing decisions: navigating Chinese firms through financing constraints and growth opportunities. Kybernetes, 53(11), 4381–4396. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-02-2023-0268
Zahra, S. A. (1996). Technology strategy and financial performance: Examining the moderating role of the firm’s competitive environment. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(3), 189–219. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(96)00001-8
Ziolo, M., Filipiak, B. Z., Bąk, I., & Cheba, K. (2019). How to design more sustainable financial systems: The roles of environmental, social, and governance factors in the decision-making process. Sustainability, 11(20), 5604. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205604