Pengaruh Pengungkapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap Reaksi Pasar: Peran Moderasi Volatilitas Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Transportasi dan Logistik Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v9i1.2021Keywords:
esg, reaksi pasar, volatilitas harga saham, transportasi, logistik, bursa efek indonesiaAbstract
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pengungkapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) terhadap reaksi pasar dengan volatilitas harga saham sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan transportasi dan logistik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).
Desain Penelitian dan Metodologi: Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif eksplanatori dengan desain kausal komparatif. Sampel penelitian dipilih secara purposive sampling dari perusahaan transportasi dan logistik periode 2019–2023. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan tahunan, laporan keberlanjutan, dan basis data keuangan seperti Refinitiv dan Yahoo Finance. Pengungkapan ESG diukur melalui content analysis berdasarkan pedoman GRI, sedangkan reaksi pasar diukur menggunakan abnormal return. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi linear berganda dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengungkapan ESG berpengaruh signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) sebesar 0,767. Secara parsial, aspek environmental dan governance berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap reaksi pasar, sedangkan aspek social berpengaruh negatif signifikan. Volatilitas harga saham berpengaruh negatif terhadap reaksi pasar dan terbukti memperlemah hubungan antara ESG dan reaksi pasar. Hal ini menandakan bahwa praktik lingkungan dan tata kelola yang baik diapresiasi pasar, sementara aktivitas sosial belum dianggap memberikan nilai ekonomi langsung bagi investor.
Implikasi: Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengungkapan ESG yang konsisten dan transparan dalam membangun kepercayaan investor serta memperkuat reputasi perusahaan. Bagi regulator, hasil ini mendukung penguatan kebijakan pelaporan keberlanjutan, sedangkan bagi manajemen, menjadi dasar strategis dalam meningkatkan nilai perusahaan melalui praktik lingkungan dan tata kelola yang baik.
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