Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan ChatGPT terhadap kompetensi dan kemandirian mahasiswa S1 Akuntansi dalam konteks pembelajaran di pendidikan tinggi. Studi ini diarahkan untuk memahami peran teknologi kecerdasan buatan sebagai sarana pendukung pembelajaran serta implikasinya terhadap pengembangan kemampuan akademik dan pengelolaan diri mahasiswa.
Research Design and Methodology: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada mahasiswa aktif Program Studi S1 Akuntansi Universitas Tarumanagara. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, serta analisis regresi menggunakan perangkat lunak SPSS.
Findings and Discussion: Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ChatGPT memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kompetensi dan kemandirian mahasiswa. Pemanfaatan ChatGPT membantu mahasiswa dalam memahami materi, menyelesaikan tugas akademik, serta mendorong inisiatif belajar secara mandiri. Namun, penggunaan teknologi ini tetap memerlukan sikap kritis dan tanggung jawab akademik agar tidak menggantikan proses berpikir mahasiswa.
Implications: Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi mahasiswa dan institusi pendidikan tinggi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi kecerdasan buatan secara bijak. Hasil penelitian juga menjadi dasar pertimbangan bagi program studi dalam merumuskan kebijakan pemanfaatan AI yang selaras dengan nilai akademik dan etika pendidikan.
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References
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- Chaw, L. Y., & Tang, C. M. (2024). Exploring the relationship between digital competence proficiency and student learning performance. European Journal of Education, 59(1), e12593. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12593
- Crompton, H., Jones, M. V, & Burke, D. (2024). Affordances and challenges of artificial intelligence in K-12 education: a systematic review. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 56(3), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2121344
- de Oliveira Silva, A., & dos Santos Janes, D. (2022). The emergence of ChatGPT and its implications for education and academic research in the 21st century. Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3, e6–e6. https://doi.org/10.37497/rev.artif.intell.education.v2i00.6
- Fadila, R. N., Nadiroh, T. A., Juliana, R., Zulfa, P. Z. H., & Ibrahim, I. (2021). Kemandirian belajar secara daring sebagai prediktor hasil belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Jurnal Cendekia, 5(2), 880–891. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v5i2.457
- Fujii, A. (2024). Exploring autonomy support and learning preference in higher education: introducing a flexible and personalized learning environment with technology. Discover Education, 3(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00111-z
- García-Llamas, P., Taboada, A., Sanz-Chumillas, P., Lopes Pereira, L., & Baelo Álvarez, R. (2025). Breaking barriers in STEAM education: Analyzing competence acquisition through project-based learning in a European context. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100449
- Handoko, T. H. (2016). Manajemen personalia dan sumber daya manusia. Bpfe.
- Handoyo, E. R., Sugiarto, J., Lolo, A., & Chai, K. (2023). Identifikasi pengaruh penggunaan chatgpt terhadap kemampuan berpikir mahasiswa di Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Prodi Sistem Informasi angkatan 2021. KONSTELASI: Konvergensi Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi, 3(2), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.24002/konstelasi.v3i2.7241
- Ho, N. T. T., & Le, H. Van. (2026). Embedding 21st-Century Competencies into Higher Education: Insights from Vietnamese Lecturers’ Perspectives and Pedagogical Strategies. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59, 101990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101990
- Ifani, A., Agunawan, A., Abdullah, M. A., Vega, N., Rahmadani, R., Ilahi SS, W., & Azkar, A. (2024). Analisis Ketergantungan Penggunaan Chat GPT di Kalangan Mahasiswa Menyebabkan Penurunan Kualitas Belajar. SMARTLOCK : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(1 SE-Articles), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.37476/smartlock.v3i1.4863
- Inamorato dos Santos, A., Chinkes, E., Carvalho, M. A. G., Solórzano, C. M. V, & Marroni, L. S. (2023). The digital competence of academics in higher education: is the glass half empty or half full? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00376-0
- Jehanghir, M., Ishaq, K., & Akbar, R. A. (2023). Effect of learners’ autonomy on academic motivation and university students’ grit. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 4159–4196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11976-2
- Kanar, A. M., & Heinrich, B. (2024). The impact of university co‐curricular activities on competency articulation proficiency: A mediated model. The Career Development Quarterly, 72(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12358
- Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Grotewold, K., Hartwick, P., & Papin, K. (2023). Generative AI and teachers’ perspectives on its implementation in education. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 34(2), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.70725/815246mfssgp
- Kinsella, M., & Wyatt, J. (2023). Fostering Students’ Autonomy within Higher Education: The Relational Roots of Student Adviser Supports. Irish Educational Studies, 43. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2201229
- Krupcała, K., & Kurek, D. (2025). Developing students’ digital competences in the era of digital transformation - a European perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 270, 4304–4314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.555
- Mannonen, J., Hooshyar, D., Urrutia, F., Hämäläinen, R., Araya, R., & Lehesvuori, S. (2025). The concept of competence in educational research: a knowledge map of main research traditions and topics. Education + Training, 67(10), 132–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2024-0070
- Murcahyanto, H. (2023). Penerapan Media Chat GPT pada Pembelajaran Manajemen Pendidikan terhadap Kemandirian Mahasiswa. Edumatic: Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika, 7(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.29408/edumatic.v7i1.14073
- Naseng, J. A., Riana, N., & Fajri, K. (2023). Pengaruh Persepsi dan Media Sosial Instagram Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung ke Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika Bandung. Tourism Scientific Journal, 8(2), 214–233.
- Okada, R. (2023). Effects of perceived autonomy support on academic achievement and motivation among higher education students: A meta‐analysis. Japanese Psychological Research, 65(3), 230–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12380
- Park, W., & Kwon, H. (2024). Implementing artificial intelligence education for middle school technology education in Republic of Korea. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 34(1), 109–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09812-2
- Pineda, D., Lozano-Jimenez, J. E., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2025). Autonomy support in higher education: a key strategy for the well-being of university students. F1000Research, 13, 839. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.144803.2
- Plantin Ewe, L., & Fjelkner Pihl, A. (2024). Relational competence in higher education – a systematic review. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2331354. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2331354
- Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Pearson.
- Shah, C. S., Mathur, S., & Vishnoi, S. K. (2024). Is ChatGPT Enhancing Youth’s Learning, Engagement and Satisfaction? Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2024.2380698
- Silén, C., Manninen, K., & Fredholm, A. (2024). Designing for student autonomy combining theory and clinical practice – a qualitative study with a faculty perspective. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 532. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05514-y
- Suchanek, P., & Kralova, M. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence expectations and experiences in management education: ChatGPT use and student satisfaction. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(5), 100781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100781
- Sugiyono. (2021). metode penelitian pendidikan (Nuryanto (ed.); ALFABETA,c). ALFABETA.
- Sutrisno, E. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya manusia, cetakan ke 8 jakarta pranada media grup.
- Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T., & Du, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 252, 124167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124167
- Windi Nursyahfitri, Leni Anggraeni, & Pitria Sopianingsih. (2025). Hubungan antara Penggunaan Chatgpt dengan Digital Skills Mahasiswa PPKN Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 5(4 SE-Articles), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.55606/khatulistiwa.v5i4.7549
- Yang, W., Hu, X., Yeter, I. H., Su, J., Yang, Y., & Lee, J. C. (2024). Artificial intelligence education for young children: A case study of technology‐enhanced embodied learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 40(2), 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12892
- Yim, I. H. Y., & Su, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence (AI) learning tools in K-12 education: A scoping review. Journal of Computers in Education, 12(1), 93–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00304-9
- Yin, J., Goh, T.-T., Yang, B., & Xiaobin, Y. (2021). Conversation technology with micro-learning: The impact of chatbot-based learning on students’ learning motivation and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(1), 154–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120952067
- Zahara, A., Hasanah, F., & Habib, H. (2024). The Influence of Advancements in AI Chat GPT Technology in Students’ Learning Process. BICC Proceedings, 2, 132–137. https://doi.org/10.30983/bicc.v1i1.117
- Zenger, L., Flunger, B., & van Gog, T. (2025). Towards studying students’ autonomy-regulation strategies as a specific part of their motivation regulation. Learning and Individual Differences, 123, 102755. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102755
References
Ali, O., Murray, P. A., Momin, M., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Malik, T. (2024). The effects of artificial intelligence applications in educational settings: Challenges and strategies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 199, 123076. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.123076
Chaw, L. Y., & Tang, C. M. (2024). Exploring the relationship between digital competence proficiency and student learning performance. European Journal of Education, 59(1), e12593. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12593
Crompton, H., Jones, M. V, & Burke, D. (2024). Affordances and challenges of artificial intelligence in K-12 education: a systematic review. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 56(3), 248–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2121344
de Oliveira Silva, A., & dos Santos Janes, D. (2022). The emergence of ChatGPT and its implications for education and academic research in the 21st century. Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3, e6–e6. https://doi.org/10.37497/rev.artif.intell.education.v2i00.6
Fadila, R. N., Nadiroh, T. A., Juliana, R., Zulfa, P. Z. H., & Ibrahim, I. (2021). Kemandirian belajar secara daring sebagai prediktor hasil belajar mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Jurnal Cendekia, 5(2), 880–891. https://doi.org/10.31004/cendekia.v5i2.457
Fujii, A. (2024). Exploring autonomy support and learning preference in higher education: introducing a flexible and personalized learning environment with technology. Discover Education, 3(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-024-00111-z
García-Llamas, P., Taboada, A., Sanz-Chumillas, P., Lopes Pereira, L., & Baelo Álvarez, R. (2025). Breaking barriers in STEAM education: Analyzing competence acquisition through project-based learning in a European context. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 8, 100449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2025.100449
Handoko, T. H. (2016). Manajemen personalia dan sumber daya manusia. Bpfe.
Handoyo, E. R., Sugiarto, J., Lolo, A., & Chai, K. (2023). Identifikasi pengaruh penggunaan chatgpt terhadap kemampuan berpikir mahasiswa di Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Prodi Sistem Informasi angkatan 2021. KONSTELASI: Konvergensi Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi, 3(2), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.24002/konstelasi.v3i2.7241
Ho, N. T. T., & Le, H. Van. (2026). Embedding 21st-Century Competencies into Higher Education: Insights from Vietnamese Lecturers’ Perspectives and Pedagogical Strategies. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59, 101990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.101990
Ifani, A., Agunawan, A., Abdullah, M. A., Vega, N., Rahmadani, R., Ilahi SS, W., & Azkar, A. (2024). Analisis Ketergantungan Penggunaan Chat GPT di Kalangan Mahasiswa Menyebabkan Penurunan Kualitas Belajar. SMARTLOCK : Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 3(1 SE-Articles), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.37476/smartlock.v3i1.4863
Inamorato dos Santos, A., Chinkes, E., Carvalho, M. A. G., Solórzano, C. M. V, & Marroni, L. S. (2023). The digital competence of academics in higher education: is the glass half empty or half full? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00376-0
Jehanghir, M., Ishaq, K., & Akbar, R. A. (2023). Effect of learners’ autonomy on academic motivation and university students’ grit. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 4159–4196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11976-2
Kanar, A. M., & Heinrich, B. (2024). The impact of university co‐curricular activities on competency articulation proficiency: A mediated model. The Career Development Quarterly, 72(3), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12358
Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Grotewold, K., Hartwick, P., & Papin, K. (2023). Generative AI and teachers’ perspectives on its implementation in education. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 34(2), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.70725/815246mfssgp
Kinsella, M., & Wyatt, J. (2023). Fostering Students’ Autonomy within Higher Education: The Relational Roots of Student Adviser Supports. Irish Educational Studies, 43. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2201229
Krupcała, K., & Kurek, D. (2025). Developing students’ digital competences in the era of digital transformation - a European perspective. Procedia Computer Science, 270, 4304–4314. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2025.09.555
Mannonen, J., Hooshyar, D., Urrutia, F., Hämäläinen, R., Araya, R., & Lehesvuori, S. (2025). The concept of competence in educational research: a knowledge map of main research traditions and topics. Education + Training, 67(10), 132–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2024-0070
Murcahyanto, H. (2023). Penerapan Media Chat GPT pada Pembelajaran Manajemen Pendidikan terhadap Kemandirian Mahasiswa. Edumatic: Jurnal Pendidikan Informatika, 7(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.29408/edumatic.v7i1.14073
Naseng, J. A., Riana, N., & Fajri, K. (2023). Pengaruh Persepsi dan Media Sosial Instagram Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung ke Museum Konperensi Asia Afrika Bandung. Tourism Scientific Journal, 8(2), 214–233.
Okada, R. (2023). Effects of perceived autonomy support on academic achievement and motivation among higher education students: A meta‐analysis. Japanese Psychological Research, 65(3), 230–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12380
Park, W., & Kwon, H. (2024). Implementing artificial intelligence education for middle school technology education in Republic of Korea. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 34(1), 109–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-023-09812-2
Pineda, D., Lozano-Jimenez, J. E., & Moreno-Murcia, J. A. (2025). Autonomy support in higher education: a key strategy for the well-being of university students. F1000Research, 13, 839. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.144803.2
Plantin Ewe, L., & Fjelkner Pihl, A. (2024). Relational competence in higher education – a systematic review. Cogent Education, 11(1), 2331354. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2331354
Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Pearson.
Shah, C. S., Mathur, S., & Vishnoi, S. K. (2024). Is ChatGPT Enhancing Youth’s Learning, Engagement and Satisfaction? Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2024.2380698
Silén, C., Manninen, K., & Fredholm, A. (2024). Designing for student autonomy combining theory and clinical practice – a qualitative study with a faculty perspective. BMC Medical Education, 24(1), 532. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05514-y
Suchanek, P., & Kralova, M. (2025). Generative artificial intelligence expectations and experiences in management education: ChatGPT use and student satisfaction. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10(5), 100781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100781
Sugiyono. (2021). metode penelitian pendidikan (Nuryanto (ed.); ALFABETA,c). ALFABETA.
Sutrisno, E. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya manusia, cetakan ke 8 jakarta pranada media grup.
Wang, S., Wang, F., Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Tran, T., & Du, Z. (2024). Artificial intelligence in education: A systematic literature review. Expert Systems with Applications, 252, 124167. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124167
Windi Nursyahfitri, Leni Anggraeni, & Pitria Sopianingsih. (2025). Hubungan antara Penggunaan Chatgpt dengan Digital Skills Mahasiswa PPKN Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Khatulistiwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 5(4 SE-Articles), 194–204. https://doi.org/10.55606/khatulistiwa.v5i4.7549
Yang, W., Hu, X., Yeter, I. H., Su, J., Yang, Y., & Lee, J. C. (2024). Artificial intelligence education for young children: A case study of technology‐enhanced embodied learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 40(2), 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12892
Yim, I. H. Y., & Su, J. (2025). Artificial intelligence (AI) learning tools in K-12 education: A scoping review. Journal of Computers in Education, 12(1), 93–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00304-9
Yin, J., Goh, T.-T., Yang, B., & Xiaobin, Y. (2021). Conversation technology with micro-learning: The impact of chatbot-based learning on students’ learning motivation and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(1), 154–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120952067
Zahara, A., Hasanah, F., & Habib, H. (2024). The Influence of Advancements in AI Chat GPT Technology in Students’ Learning Process. BICC Proceedings, 2, 132–137. https://doi.org/10.30983/bicc.v1i1.117
Zenger, L., Flunger, B., & van Gog, T. (2025). Towards studying students’ autonomy-regulation strategies as a specific part of their motivation regulation. Learning and Individual Differences, 123, 102755. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2025.102755