Main Article Content
Abstract
This study highlights the consequence of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on the likelihood of transfer pricing in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction sectors. This study adopts a quantitative research approach, analyzing data from 19 companies in the property, real estate, and building construction sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2018 and 2021 (76 observations). This study contributes novelty by employing binary logistic regression to investigate the interaction of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on transfer pricing in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction sectors, providing valuable insights into the determinants of transfer pricing practices in these industries. The research employs multiple linear and binary logistic regression to examine the influence of tax optimization, regulatory compliance, and environmental risk index on transfer pricing likelihood. - Tax optimization and regulatory compliance significantly impact the likelihood of Transfer Pricing in the property, real estate, and building construction sectors in Indonesia. However, the interaction between tax optimization and the environmental risk index does not significantly influence transfer pricing likelihood. In contrast, the interaction between regulatory compliance and the environmental risk index does have a significant positive effect. The implications are that tax optimization may subtly influence transfer pricing in the studied sectors. Maintaining regulatory compliance appears to act as a deterrent, and a favorable environmental risk index may encourage transfer pricing practices in Indonesia's property, real estate, and building construction industries.
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References
- Amidu, M., Coffie, W., & Acquah, P. (2019). Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0091
- Bird, R., & Davis-Nozemack, K. (2018). Tax Avoidance as a Sustainability Problem. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(4), 1009–1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3162-2
- Carolina, V., & Oktavianti, O. (2022). The Best Measurement of Tax Aggressiveness in Predicting Corporate Risk. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 6(3), 310–318.
- da Silva Stefano, G., Antunes, T. dos S., Lacerda, D. P., Wolf Motta Morandi, M. I., & Piran, F. S. (2022). The impacts of inventory in transfer pricing and net income: Differences between traditional accounting and throughput accounting. The British Accounting Review, 54(2), 101001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2021.101001
- Devos, Y., Munns Jr, W. R., Forbes, V. E., Maltby, L., Stenseke, M., Brussaard, L., Streissl, F., & Hardy, A. (2019). Applying ecosystem services for pre-market environmental risk assessments of regulated stressors. EFSA Journal, 17(S1), e170705. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170705
- Heimert, A. M., & Michaelson, T. J. (2018). Guide to international transfer pricing: Law, tax planning and compliance strategies. Kluwer Law International BV.
- Hemling, L., Plesner Rossing, J. C., & Hoffjan, A. (2022). The use of information technology for international transfer pricing in multinational enterprises. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 44, 100546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2021.100546
- Horng, J.-S., Liu, C.-H., Chou, S.-F., Tsai, C.-Y., & Chung, Y.-C. (2017). From innovation to sustainability: Sustainability innovations of eco-friendly hotels in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 63, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.02.005
- Huda, M. K., Nugraheni, N., & Kamarudin, K. (2017). The problem of transfer pricing in indonesia taxation system. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4), 139–143.
- Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., & Suhendra, M. (2020). The impact of transfer pricing and earning management on tax avoidance. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3), 3203–3216.
- Khan, M., Srinivasan, S., & Tan, L. (2017). Institutional ownership and corporate tax avoidance: New evidence. The Accounting Review. https://publications.aaahq.org/accounting-review/article-abstract/92/2/101/3830
- Khelil, I., & Khlif, H. (2022). Tax avoidance in family firms: A literature review. Journal of Financial Crime. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2022-0064
- Klassen, K. J., Lisowsky, P., & Mescall, D. (2017). Transfer Pricing: Strategies, Practices, and Tax Minimization. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), 455–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12239
- Kohlhase, S., & Wielhouwer, J. L. (2023). Tax and tariff planning through transfer prices: The role of the head office and business unit. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 75(2), 101568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101568
- Korol, S., Nykyforuk, O., Pelekh, U., Barabash, N., & Romashko, O. (2022). Transfer Pricing Documentation: Globalization and Regional Optimization. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 10(1), 219–230.
- Marques, M., & Pinho, C. (2016). Is transfer pricing strictness deterring profit shifting within multinationals? Empirical evidence from Europe. Accounting and Business Research, 46(7), 703–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2015.1135782
- Mescall, D., & Klassen, K. J. (2018). How Does Transfer Pricing Risk Affect Premiums in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions? Contemporary Accounting Research, 35(2), 830–865. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12397
- Muhammadi, A. H., Ahmed, Z., & Habib, A. (2016). Multinational transfer pricing of intangible assets: Indonesian tax auditors’ perspectives. Asian Review of Accounting, 24(3), 313–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-10-2014-0112
- Muslih, M., Sirait, D. S., & Simanjuntak, D. F. (2020). The effect of financing decisions and investment decisions on the performance of property companies, real estate, & building construction registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange moderated by corporate governance and risk management with firm size as control variable. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 22(3), 137–149.
- Plesner-Rossing, C., Cools, M., & Rohde, C. (2017). International transfer pricing in multinational enterprises. Journal of Accounting Education, 39, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2017.02.002
- Rathke, A. A. T., Rezende, A. J., & Watrin, C. (2020). Classification of transfer pricing systems across countries. International Economics, 164, 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2020.08.002
- Sari, D., Utama, S., Fitriany, & Rahayu, N. (2020). Transfer pricing practices and specific anti-avoidance rules in Asian developing countries. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(3), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2018-0541
- Shefrin, H. (2007). How the disposition effect and momentum impact investment professionals. Journal of Investment Consulting, 8(2), 68–79.
- Sinaga, H. D. P., Pramana, Y., & Hermawan, A. W. (2023). Income Tax Reconstruction on Construction Services to Support Development in Indonesia. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 19(1/2), 125–136.
- Sundari, B., & Susanti, Y. (2016). Transfer pricing practices: Empirical evidence from manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 11(2), 25–39.
- Susanti, A., & Firmansyah, A. (2018). Determinants of transfer pricing decisions in Indonesia manufacturing companies. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 81–93.
- Waworuntu, S. R., & Hadisaputra, R. (2016). Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness in Indonesia. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 24, 95–110.
- Yunus, M. H., Renaldi, R., Munawir, M., & Asaff, R. (2022). Factor Supporting Companies Performing Transfer Pricing. Jurnal Akuntansi, 26(1), 76–91.
References
Amidu, M., Coffie, W., & Acquah, P. (2019). Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0091
Bird, R., & Davis-Nozemack, K. (2018). Tax Avoidance as a Sustainability Problem. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(4), 1009–1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3162-2
Carolina, V., & Oktavianti, O. (2022). The Best Measurement of Tax Aggressiveness in Predicting Corporate Risk. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia, 6(3), 310–318.
da Silva Stefano, G., Antunes, T. dos S., Lacerda, D. P., Wolf Motta Morandi, M. I., & Piran, F. S. (2022). The impacts of inventory in transfer pricing and net income: Differences between traditional accounting and throughput accounting. The British Accounting Review, 54(2), 101001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2021.101001
Devos, Y., Munns Jr, W. R., Forbes, V. E., Maltby, L., Stenseke, M., Brussaard, L., Streissl, F., & Hardy, A. (2019). Applying ecosystem services for pre-market environmental risk assessments of regulated stressors. EFSA Journal, 17(S1), e170705. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2019.e170705
Heimert, A. M., & Michaelson, T. J. (2018). Guide to international transfer pricing: Law, tax planning and compliance strategies. Kluwer Law International BV.
Hemling, L., Plesner Rossing, J. C., & Hoffjan, A. (2022). The use of information technology for international transfer pricing in multinational enterprises. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 44, 100546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2021.100546
Horng, J.-S., Liu, C.-H., Chou, S.-F., Tsai, C.-Y., & Chung, Y.-C. (2017). From innovation to sustainability: Sustainability innovations of eco-friendly hotels in Taiwan. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 63, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.02.005
Huda, M. K., Nugraheni, N., & Kamarudin, K. (2017). The problem of transfer pricing in indonesia taxation system. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4), 139–143.
Irawan, F., Kinanti, A., & Suhendra, M. (2020). The impact of transfer pricing and earning management on tax avoidance. Talent Development & Excellence, 12(3), 3203–3216.
Khan, M., Srinivasan, S., & Tan, L. (2017). Institutional ownership and corporate tax avoidance: New evidence. The Accounting Review. https://publications.aaahq.org/accounting-review/article-abstract/92/2/101/3830
Khelil, I., & Khlif, H. (2022). Tax avoidance in family firms: A literature review. Journal of Financial Crime. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2022-0064
Klassen, K. J., Lisowsky, P., & Mescall, D. (2017). Transfer Pricing: Strategies, Practices, and Tax Minimization. Contemporary Accounting Research, 34(1), 455–493. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12239
Kohlhase, S., & Wielhouwer, J. L. (2023). Tax and tariff planning through transfer prices: The role of the head office and business unit. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 75(2), 101568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2022.101568
Korol, S., Nykyforuk, O., Pelekh, U., Barabash, N., & Romashko, O. (2022). Transfer Pricing Documentation: Globalization and Regional Optimization. Universal Journal of Accounting and Finance, 10(1), 219–230.
Marques, M., & Pinho, C. (2016). Is transfer pricing strictness deterring profit shifting within multinationals? Empirical evidence from Europe. Accounting and Business Research, 46(7), 703–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2015.1135782
Mescall, D., & Klassen, K. J. (2018). How Does Transfer Pricing Risk Affect Premiums in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions? Contemporary Accounting Research, 35(2), 830–865. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12397
Muhammadi, A. H., Ahmed, Z., & Habib, A. (2016). Multinational transfer pricing of intangible assets: Indonesian tax auditors’ perspectives. Asian Review of Accounting, 24(3), 313–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-10-2014-0112
Muslih, M., Sirait, D. S., & Simanjuntak, D. F. (2020). The effect of financing decisions and investment decisions on the performance of property companies, real estate, & building construction registered in Indonesia Stock Exchange moderated by corporate governance and risk management with firm size as control variable. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 22(3), 137–149.
Plesner-Rossing, C., Cools, M., & Rohde, C. (2017). International transfer pricing in multinational enterprises. Journal of Accounting Education, 39, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2017.02.002
Rathke, A. A. T., Rezende, A. J., & Watrin, C. (2020). Classification of transfer pricing systems across countries. International Economics, 164, 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inteco.2020.08.002
Sari, D., Utama, S., Fitriany, & Rahayu, N. (2020). Transfer pricing practices and specific anti-avoidance rules in Asian developing countries. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 16(3), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-10-2018-0541
Shefrin, H. (2007). How the disposition effect and momentum impact investment professionals. Journal of Investment Consulting, 8(2), 68–79.
Sinaga, H. D. P., Pramana, Y., & Hermawan, A. W. (2023). Income Tax Reconstruction on Construction Services to Support Development in Indonesia. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 19(1/2), 125–136.
Sundari, B., & Susanti, Y. (2016). Transfer pricing practices: Empirical evidence from manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal (APMAJ), 11(2), 25–39.
Susanti, A., & Firmansyah, A. (2018). Determinants of transfer pricing decisions in Indonesia manufacturing companies. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Auditing Indonesia, 81–93.
Waworuntu, S. R., & Hadisaputra, R. (2016). Determinants of transfer pricing aggressiveness in Indonesia. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 24, 95–110.
Yunus, M. H., Renaldi, R., Munawir, M., & Asaff, R. (2022). Factor Supporting Companies Performing Transfer Pricing. Jurnal Akuntansi, 26(1), 76–91.