Main Article Content
Abstract
This study explores the impact of employee training and development on corporate financial performance through qualitative inquiry. It aims to understand perceptions of training effectiveness, challenges in implementation, and the influence of organizational culture and technology. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data was gathered from employees and managers across diverse industries known for robust training programs. Semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis were used to gather and analyze data, ensuring comprehensive insights into training outcomes. Participants generally perceived training as effective in enhancing skills and productivity, aligning with literature highlighting its positive correlation with financial performance. Challenges included managerial support and resource allocation issues. Best practices identified integrating training into business strategy, employing diverse training methods, and fostering a supportive organizational culture. Technological advancements, such as e-learning, were noted to enhance training efficiency. The findings underscore the importance of strategically integrating training programs that are aligned with business goals. They suggest enhancing managerial support and resource allocation to maximize training effectiveness. Organizations benefit from cultivating a culture of continuous learning and leveraging technological tools for flexible learning environments, ultimately contributing to improved financial performance and competitiveness.
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References
- Al Qudah, N. F., Yang, Y., & Anjum, M. A. (2018). Transformational training programs and quality orientation of employees: Does employees’ loyalty matter? Sustainability, 10(2), 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU10020465
- Anderson, V. (2022). Human Resource Development, Professions and Precarious Workers. In P. Holland, T. Bartram, T. Garavan, & K. Grant (Eds.), The Emerald Handbook of Work, Workplaces and Disruptive Issues in HRM (pp. 277–301). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-779-420221028
- Andoh, R. P. K., Annan-Prah, E. C., Owusu, E. A., & Agyei, P. M. (2023). Trainees’ aversions of employee training programs. European Journal of Training and Development, 47(7/8), 815–829.
- CantermiI, B. D. E. A., & Lizote, S. A. (2022). Leadership and organizational culture in small companies. Revista de Administração Da UFSM, 15(4), 634–656. https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465970384
- Chang, C.-H., Lin, H.-W., Tsai, W.-H., Wang, W.-L., & Huang, C.-T. (2021). Employee satisfaction, corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Sustainability, 13(18), 9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13189996
- de Rassenfosse, G., & Hoisl, K. (2018). Knowledge Fit and Productivity Gains from Employee Mobility. INSEAD Workshop on Innovator Mobility, Fontainebleau, 29–30. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3176936
- Erfan, M. (2024). The Impact of Cross-Cultural Management on Global Collaboration and Performance. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(2 SE-Articles), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i2.261
- Gibbs, J. C. (2019). Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press.
- Grugulis, I., Wilkinson, A., Bacon, N., Snell, S., & Lepak, D. (2019). Training, development and skills. The Sage Handbook of Human Resource Management, 151–163. http://digital.casalini.it/9781526457257
- Haeruddin, S. H. (2023). Accounts Receivable Turnover Analysis and Company Merchandise Inventory Turnover. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i1.16
- Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
- Kareem, M. A., & Hussein, I. J. (2019). The impact of human resource development on employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(3), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/7.3.02
- Katz, L. J., & Brown, F. C. (2019). Aptitude and achievement testing. In Handbook of psychological assessment (pp. 143–168). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802203-0.00005-5
- Khan, N. U., Bhatti, M. N., Obaid, A., Sami, A., & Ullah, A. (2020). Do green human resource management practices contribute to sustainable performance in manufacturing industry? International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 19(4), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2020.10027152
- Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Leung, A. K., & Liou, S. (2018). Culture, creativity, and innovation. In Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. 49, Issue 2, pp. 165–170). Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117753306
- Lestari, G. (2023). Effective Strategies for Identifying, Nurturing, and Retaining Future Leaders. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 1(3), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v1i3.223
- Lytovchenko, I. (2016). Corporate university as a form of employee training and development in American companies. Advanced Education, 35–41. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.62280
- Mochklas, M., Fatihudin, D., & Huda, A. T. (2021). Job Satisfaction of Supplier Company Employees: Organizational Commitment and Work Discipline. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 1965–1977.
- Mohamad, N. I., Ismail, A., & Nor, A. M. (2020). The relationship between management support in training programs and motivation to perform task with motivation to learn as mediator. LogForum, 16(3), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.17270/J.LOG.2020.458
- Mumford, M. D., Fichtel, M., England, S., & Newbold, T. R. (2023). Leader thinking, follower thinking: leader impacts on follower creative performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-045553
- Nishu, S., & Lalrinzuala, A. (2021). Employees’ Knowledge and Skills on Work Productivity at the Manpower Department. Journal La Bisecoman, 2(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.37899/JOURNALLABISECOMAN.V2I3.408
- Noe, A. R., & Hollenbeck, R. (2017). John, Gerhart, Barry & Wright, M. Patrick. Human Resource Management. Tenth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, USA.
- Noe, R. A. (2020). Employee Training and Development.
- Noe, R. A., & Kodwani, A. D. (2023). Employee training and development: McGrawHill Education.
- Noy, I. (2023). Corporate financial performance in terms of liquidity and profitability. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i2.99
- Ocansey, F. (2016). Training the employee for improved performance: The mediating role of employee performance appraisal. Texila International Journal of Management, 2(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJMG.2015.02.02.ART009
- Oladipupo, O. F., & Azeez, O. A. (2022). Optimizing Sales Revenue to Enhance the Profitability Growth of Listed Brewery Companies in Nigeria (2011-2020). Journal of Marketing & Supply Chain Management. SRC/JMSCM-106. https://doi.org/10.47363/jmscm/2022(1)104
- Omidi, F., Abadar, I., & Jorfi, A. (2017). The Role of Creativity and Innovation In Development Of Marketing And Enhanced Sale of Products And Services Of Insurance Companies. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies. https://doi.org/10.46827/EJMMS.V0I0.178
- Powell, L., Reinhard, C. L., Serpell, J., & Watson, B. (2021). Workplace relations and opportunities for career development impact the retention of veterinarians in shelter medicine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 732105. https://doi.org/10.3389/FVETS.2021.732105
- Prasetya, E. (2024). Exploring Contemporary Perspectives in Organizational Behavior Research. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i1.239
- Rac, H., Gould, A. P., Eiland, L. S., Griffin, B., McLaughlin, M., Stover, K. R., Bland, C. M., & Bookstaver, P. B. (2019). Common bacterial and viral infections: review of management in the pregnant patient. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 53(6), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028018817935
- Rampa, R., & Agogué, M. (2021). Developing radical innovation capabilities: Exploring the effects of training employees for creativity and innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 30(1), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12423
- Salas-Vallina, A., Pozo-Hidalgo, M., & Gil-Monte, P. R. (2020). Are happy workers more productive? The mediating role of service-skill use. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 492352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00456
- Saxena, A., & Choubey, R. (2018). Human Resource Management Practices on Teachers Performance. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(4), 17–20. https://doi.org/10.29070/15/57126
- Shafaei, A., & Nejati, M. (2023). Creating meaningful work for employees: The role of inclusive leadership. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21512
- Shanock, L. R., Eisenberger, R., Heggestad, E. D., Malone, G., Clark, L., Dunn, A. M., Kirkland, J., & Woznyj, H. (2019). Treating employees well: The value of organizational support theory in human resource management. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 22(3–4), 168.
- Smith, W. L., Hillon, Y. C., & Liang, Y. (2019). Reassessing measures of sustainable firm performance: A consultant’s guide to identifying hidden costs in corporate disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2254
- Taylor, C., & Noë, A. (2021). The explanation of behaviour. Routledge.
- Taylor, J. (2022). Personnel reduction and growth, innovation, and employee optimism about the long-term benefits of organizational change. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(3), 607–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320934536
- Upadhyay, R. (2018). The Relationship between Employee Training and development and organisational performance : An empirical Study. 55, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.48047/pne.2018.55.1.04
- Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A., Bentein, K., Mignonac, K., Roussel, P., & Ayed, A. K. Ben. (2019). Time‐based differences in the effects of positive and negative affectivity on perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among newcomers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(3), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2324
- Vedhathiri, T. (2020). Faculty performance improvement through effective human resource management practices. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 33(Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.16920/JEET/2020/V33I1/150067
- Warsame, M. H. (2023). Effect of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Selected Banks in Mogadishu, Somalia. Valley International Journal Digital Library, 5105–5114. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.em06
- Yadin, Y., Ibrahim, M. B. H., Irawan, A., Akbar, M. A., & Yendra, Y. (2024). Labor Mobility and Wage Dynamics: Understanding the Interplay of Factors in Modern Labor Economics. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i2.186
- Yonwilad, W., Nuangchalerm, P., Ruangtip, P., & Sangsrikaew, P. (2022). Improving Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities by Virtual 5E Instructional Organization. Journal of Educational Issues, 8(2), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i2.20099
- Yoo, S., Lee, S., Kim, S., Jang, S., & Cho, D. (2022). Training and development investment and financial performance: The bidirectional relationship and the moderating effect of financial slack. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 33(2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/HRDQ.21449
References
Al Qudah, N. F., Yang, Y., & Anjum, M. A. (2018). Transformational training programs and quality orientation of employees: Does employees’ loyalty matter? Sustainability, 10(2), 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU10020465
Anderson, V. (2022). Human Resource Development, Professions and Precarious Workers. In P. Holland, T. Bartram, T. Garavan, & K. Grant (Eds.), The Emerald Handbook of Work, Workplaces and Disruptive Issues in HRM (pp. 277–301). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80071-779-420221028
Andoh, R. P. K., Annan-Prah, E. C., Owusu, E. A., & Agyei, P. M. (2023). Trainees’ aversions of employee training programs. European Journal of Training and Development, 47(7/8), 815–829.
CantermiI, B. D. E. A., & Lizote, S. A. (2022). Leadership and organizational culture in small companies. Revista de Administração Da UFSM, 15(4), 634–656. https://doi.org/10.5902/1983465970384
Chang, C.-H., Lin, H.-W., Tsai, W.-H., Wang, W.-L., & Huang, C.-T. (2021). Employee satisfaction, corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Sustainability, 13(18), 9996. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13189996
de Rassenfosse, G., & Hoisl, K. (2018). Knowledge Fit and Productivity Gains from Employee Mobility. INSEAD Workshop on Innovator Mobility, Fontainebleau, 29–30. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3176936
Erfan, M. (2024). The Impact of Cross-Cultural Management on Global Collaboration and Performance. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(2 SE-Articles), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i2.261
Gibbs, J. C. (2019). Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press.
Grugulis, I., Wilkinson, A., Bacon, N., Snell, S., & Lepak, D. (2019). Training, development and skills. The Sage Handbook of Human Resource Management, 151–163. http://digital.casalini.it/9781526457257
Haeruddin, S. H. (2023). Accounts Receivable Turnover Analysis and Company Merchandise Inventory Turnover. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i1.16
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
Kareem, M. A., & Hussein, I. J. (2019). The impact of human resource development on employee performance and organizational effectiveness. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 7(3), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.25019/mdke/7.3.02
Katz, L. J., & Brown, F. C. (2019). Aptitude and achievement testing. In Handbook of psychological assessment (pp. 143–168). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802203-0.00005-5
Khan, N. U., Bhatti, M. N., Obaid, A., Sami, A., & Ullah, A. (2020). Do green human resource management practices contribute to sustainable performance in manufacturing industry? International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 19(4), 412–432. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESD.2020.10027152
Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Leung, A. K., & Liou, S. (2018). Culture, creativity, and innovation. In Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. 49, Issue 2, pp. 165–170). Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117753306
Lestari, G. (2023). Effective Strategies for Identifying, Nurturing, and Retaining Future Leaders. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 1(3), 164–174. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v1i3.223
Lytovchenko, I. (2016). Corporate university as a form of employee training and development in American companies. Advanced Education, 35–41. https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.62280
Mochklas, M., Fatihudin, D., & Huda, A. T. (2021). Job Satisfaction of Supplier Company Employees: Organizational Commitment and Work Discipline. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(2), 1965–1977.
Mohamad, N. I., Ismail, A., & Nor, A. M. (2020). The relationship between management support in training programs and motivation to perform task with motivation to learn as mediator. LogForum, 16(3), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.17270/J.LOG.2020.458
Mumford, M. D., Fichtel, M., England, S., & Newbold, T. R. (2023). Leader thinking, follower thinking: leader impacts on follower creative performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 413–440. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-045553
Nishu, S., & Lalrinzuala, A. (2021). Employees’ Knowledge and Skills on Work Productivity at the Manpower Department. Journal La Bisecoman, 2(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.37899/JOURNALLABISECOMAN.V2I3.408
Noe, A. R., & Hollenbeck, R. (2017). John, Gerhart, Barry & Wright, M. Patrick. Human Resource Management. Tenth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education, New York, USA.
Noe, R. A. (2020). Employee Training and Development.
Noe, R. A., & Kodwani, A. D. (2023). Employee training and development: McGrawHill Education.
Noy, I. (2023). Corporate financial performance in terms of liquidity and profitability. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i2.99
Ocansey, F. (2016). Training the employee for improved performance: The mediating role of employee performance appraisal. Texila International Journal of Management, 2(2), 111–118. https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJMG.2015.02.02.ART009
Oladipupo, O. F., & Azeez, O. A. (2022). Optimizing Sales Revenue to Enhance the Profitability Growth of Listed Brewery Companies in Nigeria (2011-2020). Journal of Marketing & Supply Chain Management. SRC/JMSCM-106. https://doi.org/10.47363/jmscm/2022(1)104
Omidi, F., Abadar, I., & Jorfi, A. (2017). The Role of Creativity and Innovation In Development Of Marketing And Enhanced Sale of Products And Services Of Insurance Companies. European Journal of Management and Marketing Studies. https://doi.org/10.46827/EJMMS.V0I0.178
Powell, L., Reinhard, C. L., Serpell, J., & Watson, B. (2021). Workplace relations and opportunities for career development impact the retention of veterinarians in shelter medicine. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 732105. https://doi.org/10.3389/FVETS.2021.732105
Prasetya, E. (2024). Exploring Contemporary Perspectives in Organizational Behavior Research. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i1.239
Rac, H., Gould, A. P., Eiland, L. S., Griffin, B., McLaughlin, M., Stover, K. R., Bland, C. M., & Bookstaver, P. B. (2019). Common bacterial and viral infections: review of management in the pregnant patient. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 53(6), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028018817935
Rampa, R., & Agogué, M. (2021). Developing radical innovation capabilities: Exploring the effects of training employees for creativity and innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 30(1), 211–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12423
Salas-Vallina, A., Pozo-Hidalgo, M., & Gil-Monte, P. R. (2020). Are happy workers more productive? The mediating role of service-skill use. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 492352. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00456
Saxena, A., & Choubey, R. (2018). Human Resource Management Practices on Teachers Performance. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 15(4), 17–20. https://doi.org/10.29070/15/57126
Shafaei, A., & Nejati, M. (2023). Creating meaningful work for employees: The role of inclusive leadership. Human Resource Development Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21512
Shanock, L. R., Eisenberger, R., Heggestad, E. D., Malone, G., Clark, L., Dunn, A. M., Kirkland, J., & Woznyj, H. (2019). Treating employees well: The value of organizational support theory in human resource management. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 22(3–4), 168.
Smith, W. L., Hillon, Y. C., & Liang, Y. (2019). Reassessing measures of sustainable firm performance: A consultant’s guide to identifying hidden costs in corporate disclosures. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2254
Taylor, C., & Noë, A. (2021). The explanation of behaviour. Routledge.
Taylor, J. (2022). Personnel reduction and growth, innovation, and employee optimism about the long-term benefits of organizational change. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(3), 607–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320934536
Upadhyay, R. (2018). The Relationship between Employee Training and development and organisational performance : An empirical Study. 55, 74–82. https://doi.org/10.48047/pne.2018.55.1.04
Vandenberghe, C., Panaccio, A., Bentein, K., Mignonac, K., Roussel, P., & Ayed, A. K. Ben. (2019). Time‐based differences in the effects of positive and negative affectivity on perceived supervisor support and organizational commitment among newcomers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(3), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2324
Vedhathiri, T. (2020). Faculty performance improvement through effective human resource management practices. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 33(Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.16920/JEET/2020/V33I1/150067
Warsame, M. H. (2023). Effect of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Selected Banks in Mogadishu, Somalia. Valley International Journal Digital Library, 5105–5114. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v11i09.em06
Yadin, Y., Ibrahim, M. B. H., Irawan, A., Akbar, M. A., & Yendra, Y. (2024). Labor Mobility and Wage Dynamics: Understanding the Interplay of Factors in Modern Labor Economics. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 2(2), 90–101. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v2i2.186
Yonwilad, W., Nuangchalerm, P., Ruangtip, P., & Sangsrikaew, P. (2022). Improving Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities by Virtual 5E Instructional Organization. Journal of Educational Issues, 8(2), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.5296/jei.v8i2.20099
Yoo, S., Lee, S., Kim, S., Jang, S., & Cho, D. (2022). Training and development investment and financial performance: The bidirectional relationship and the moderating effect of financial slack. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 33(2), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.1002/HRDQ.21449