Main Article Content
Abstract
One of the main weaknesses of microbusinesses in surviving the crisis is their inability to adapt and their lack of resources. Knowledge and skills are essential resources for increasing competitive advantage. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the influence of digital capability on competitive advantage and its impact on firm survival in micro businesses. The research method used is a survey research method. The respondents in this study amounted to 108 microbusiness owners in Ciamis Regency. The data obtained was analyzed using the structural equation model (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS software version 3.2.9. The study results show that digital capability positively and significantly affects competitive advantage and firm survival. In addition, competitive advantage positively and substantially affects firm survival. A competitive advantage can also mediate the influence of digital capabilities on firm survival positively and significantly. We found that digital capabilities, rather than business capabilities, influence firm survival more. Therefore, microbusiness actors are advised to increase their knowledge and skills through training and strategic cooperation. These results support the resource-based view (RBV) theory, which has proven relevant and can be used in microbusiness.
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References
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- Annarelli, A., Battistella, C., Nonino, F., Parida, V., & Pessot, E. (2021). Literature review on digitalization capabilities: Co-citation analysis of antecedents, conceptualization and consequences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166(October 2020), 120635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120635
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- Barney, J. B. (1991). The resource based view of strategy: Origins, implications, and prospects. Journal of Management, 17(1), 97–211.
- Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(6), 625–641.
- Berbegal-Mirabent, J., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. E., & GarcÝa, J. L. S. (2015). Can a magic recipe foster university spin-off creation? Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2272–2278.
- Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of Insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43825919
- Bi, R. (2011). an Integrative Model of E-Business Capability, Dynamic Capability, and E-Business Value for Fast Growth Small-To- Medium Enterprises (Issue August).
- Cardoni, A., Zanin, F., Corazza, G., & Paradisi, A. (2020). Knowledge Management and Performance Measurement Systems for SMEs’ Economic Sustainability. Sustainability, 12(7), 2594.
- Casalino, N., Zuchowski, I., Labrinos, N., Nieto, Á. L. M., & Martín-Jiménez, J. A. (2020). Digital strategies and organizational performances of smes in the age of coronavirus: Balancing digital transformation with an effective business resilience. Law and Economics Yearly Review, 8, 347–380.
- Cefis, E., & Marsili, O. (2006). Survivor: The role of innovation in firms’ survival. Research Policy, 35(5), 626–641.
- Correia, R. J., Dias, J. G., & Teixeira, M. S. (2020). Dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages as mediator variables between market orientation and business performance. Journal of Strategy and Management, 14(2), 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-12-2019-0223
- Dalimunthe, M. B. (2017). Keunggulan Bersaing Melalui Orientasi Pasar dan Inovasi Produk. JKBM (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 3(2), 140–153.
- Danes, S. M., Lee, J., Amarapurkar, S., Stafford, K., Haynes, G., & Brewton, K. E. (2009). Determinants of family business resilience after a natural disaster by gender of business owner. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 14(4), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946709001351
- Depkop. (2018). Perkembangan Data Usaha Mikro , Kecil , Menengah Dan Usaha Besar. Www.Depkop.Go.Id, 2000(1), 1.
- Dethine, B., Enjolras, M., & Monticolo, D. (2020). Digitalization and SMEs’ export management: Impacts on resources and capabilities. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(4).
- Diandra, D., & Syahputra, E. (2021). Covid-19 dan Strategi Bertahan Bisnis di Era Inovasi Digital: Dalam Perspektif Kapabilitas Digital Keunggulan Sumber Daya. Prosiding Industrial Research …, 4–5.
- Donkor, J., Donkor, G. N. A., & Kankam-Kwarteng, C. (2017). Strategic planning and family business performance in Ghana: Moderating role of it capability. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(2), 1–12.
- Erkmen, T., Günsel, A., & Altindağ, E. (2020). The role of innovative climate in the relationship between sustainable IT capability and firm performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104058
- Ghazali, I., & Latan, H. (2014). SMART PLS. Undip Publishers. Semarang.
- Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
- Hakala, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial and learning orientation: effects on growth and profitability in the software sector. Baltic Journal of Management.
- Hendry, L. C., Stevenson, M., MacBryde, J., Ball, P., Sayed, M., & Liu, L. (2019). Local food supply chain resilience to constitutional change: the Brexit effect. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 39(3), 429–453.
- Indarti, N., & Langenberg, M. (2004). Factors affecting business success among SMEs: Empirical evidences from Indonesia. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3(2), 1–14.
- Kakilo, R., Hinelo, R., & Podungge, R. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya ManusiaTerhadap Peningkatan Kinerja UMKM Di Kota Gorontalo. YUME : Journal of Management, 5(3), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.37531/yume.vxix.347
- Lachowicz, M. J., Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2018). A novel measure of effect size for mediation analysis. Psychological Methods, 23(2), 244.
- Löfsten, H. (2016). Business and innovation resources: Determinants for the survival of new technology-based firms. Management Decision, 54(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2015-0139
- M’mbwanga, S. K., & Anyieni, A. (2022). Strategies Adopted to Achieve Competitive Advantage of Commercial Banks in Nakuru County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 10(04), 3278–3293.
- Makadok, R. (2001). Toward a synthesis of the resource‐based and dynamic‐capability views of rent creation. Strategic Management Journal, 22(5), 387–401.
- Maulana, Y. S., Maulina, E., Kostini, N., & Herawati, T. (2022). Integration of Electronic Business on Tourism: A Bibliometric Network Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 13(6), 1779–1797.
- Melhem, S., & Jacobsen, A. H. (2021). A Global Study on Digital Capabilities. In World Bank Group (Vol. 1).
- Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The Strategy of Factors Influencing Learning Satisfaction Explored by First and Second-Order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
- Musonnafa, M. A., & Djazuli, A. (2022). The Effect of Customer Relationship Management on Marketing Performance Mediated by Competitive Advantage and Innovation (Study on Area Managers of Pharmaceutical Companies in East Java during the COVID-19 Pandemic). Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education (APJME), 5(2), 111–121.
- Nahuway, V. F., & Noermijati, R. (2018). Analysis of Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy in Creating Competitive Advantages and their Impact on Performance. International Journal of Science and Research BISSN (Online), 2319–7064.
- Naidoo, V. (2010). Firm survival through a crisis: The influence of market orientation, marketing innovation and business strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(8), 1311–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.005
- Nambisan, S., Lyytinen, K., Majchrzak, A., & Song, M. (2017). Digital innovation management. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), 223–238.
- Niemimaa, M., Järveläinen, J., Heikkilä, M., & Heikkilä, J. (2019). Business continuity of business models: Evaluating the resilience of business models for contingencies. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 208–216.
- Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140303
- Poi, G. (2023). Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Competitive Advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1519
- Porter, M. E. (1989). How competitive forces shape strategy. In Readings in strategic management (pp. 133–143). Springer.
- Rambing, P. R., Paendong, M. K., Kumaat, A. P., & Pessak, R. (2022). Implikasi Inovasi Produk Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing Produk Bunga Segar Pada Umkm “Ilomata” Tomohon. Journal of Business Administration (JBA), 2(2), 108–122.
- Reeves, M., & Whitaker, K. (2020). A guide to building a more resilient business. Harvard Business Review, 2–8.
- Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Boenningstedt. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), 32–49.
- Royyana, A. (2021). Strategi transformasi digital pada pt. Kimia farma (persero) tbk. Journal of Information Systems for Public Health, 5(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.22146/jisph.34179
- Sallatu, M. A., & Indarti, N. (2018). Determining Factors of Firm Survivability a Study of University Spin-Offs in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 33(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.30209
- Sari, S. M., Yunizar, Y., & Sartika, D. (2020). Penentu Keunggulan Bersaing Pada UMKM: Apakah Kompetensi Digital dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Penting? AdBispreneur: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 63–72.
- Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211.
- Savino, T., Messeni Petruzzelli, A., & Albino, V. (2017). Search and recombination process to innovate: a review of the empirical evidence and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 54–75.
- Shinozaki, S. (2015). A new regime of SME finance in emerging Asia: Enhancing access to growth capital and policy implications. In Foreign Direct Investment and Small and Medium Enterprises: Productivity and Access to Finance (pp. 77–104). World Scientific Publishing Co. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814678810_0005
- Tobi, H., & Kampen, J. K. (2018). Research design: the methodology for interdisciplinary research framework. Quality & Quantity, 52, 1209–1225.
- Uwizeyemungu, S., Poba-Nzaou, P., Raymond, L., & St-Pierre, J. (2014). The combined effects of IT and HRM capabilities on competitive performance: Empirical evidence from service and manufacturing SMEs.
- Uwizeyemungu, S., Raymond, L., Poba-nzaou, P., & St-, J. (2018). The complementarity of IT and HRM capabilities for competitive performance : a configurational analysis of manufacturing and industrial service SMEs performance : a con fi gurational analysis of manufacturing and. Enterprise Information Systems, 00(00), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2018.1448118
- Velu, C. (2015). Business model innovation and third-party alliance on the survival of new firms. Technovation, 35, 1–11.
- Vial, G. (2021). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Managing Digital Transformation, 13–66.
- Wahyuningtyas, R., Disastra, G., & Rismayani, R. (2023). Toward cooperative competitiveness for community development in Economic Society 5.0. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17(3), 594–620.
- Waithaka, P. (2020). Competitor Threats and the Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Kenya. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 16(25), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n25p72
- Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180.
- Wilbon, A. D. (2015). Technology strategy and organizational learning: Applying population ecology to understanding the influence on firm survival. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 221–236.
- Xia, Y., Qiao, Z., & Xie, G. (2022). Corporate resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of digital finance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 74, 101791.
References
Alqershi, N., Ismail, A. I., Abualrejal, H., & Salahudin, S. N. (2020). Competitive advantage achievement through customer relationship management dimensions. Journal of Distribution Science, 18(11), 61–67.
Annarelli, A., Battistella, C., Nonino, F., Parida, V., & Pessot, E. (2021). Literature review on digitalization capabilities: Co-citation analysis of antecedents, conceptualization and consequences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166(October 2020), 120635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120635
Aryawati, N. P. A. (2020). Resiliensi Bisnis Pada UMKM Di Era Normal Baru Sebagai Upaya Kemandirian Ekonomi. Menyemai Benih Dharma Perspektif Multidisiplin, 47.
Barney, J. B. (1991). The resource based view of strategy: Origins, implications, and prospects. Journal of Management, 17(1), 97–211.
Barney, J., Wright, M., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2001). The resource-based view of the firm: Ten years after 1991. Journal of Management, 27(6), 625–641.
Berbegal-Mirabent, J., Ribeiro-Soriano, D. E., & GarcÝa, J. L. S. (2015). Can a magic recipe foster university spin-off creation? Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2272–2278.
Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital Business Strategy: Toward a Next Generation of Insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43825919
Bi, R. (2011). an Integrative Model of E-Business Capability, Dynamic Capability, and E-Business Value for Fast Growth Small-To- Medium Enterprises (Issue August).
Cardoni, A., Zanin, F., Corazza, G., & Paradisi, A. (2020). Knowledge Management and Performance Measurement Systems for SMEs’ Economic Sustainability. Sustainability, 12(7), 2594.
Casalino, N., Zuchowski, I., Labrinos, N., Nieto, Á. L. M., & Martín-Jiménez, J. A. (2020). Digital strategies and organizational performances of smes in the age of coronavirus: Balancing digital transformation with an effective business resilience. Law and Economics Yearly Review, 8, 347–380.
Cefis, E., & Marsili, O. (2006). Survivor: The role of innovation in firms’ survival. Research Policy, 35(5), 626–641.
Correia, R. J., Dias, J. G., & Teixeira, M. S. (2020). Dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages as mediator variables between market orientation and business performance. Journal of Strategy and Management, 14(2), 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-12-2019-0223
Dalimunthe, M. B. (2017). Keunggulan Bersaing Melalui Orientasi Pasar dan Inovasi Produk. JKBM (Jurnal Konsep Bisnis Dan Manajemen), 3(2), 140–153.
Danes, S. M., Lee, J., Amarapurkar, S., Stafford, K., Haynes, G., & Brewton, K. E. (2009). Determinants of family business resilience after a natural disaster by gender of business owner. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 14(4), 333–354. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946709001351
Depkop. (2018). Perkembangan Data Usaha Mikro , Kecil , Menengah Dan Usaha Besar. Www.Depkop.Go.Id, 2000(1), 1.
Dethine, B., Enjolras, M., & Monticolo, D. (2020). Digitalization and SMEs’ export management: Impacts on resources and capabilities. Technology Innovation Management Review, 10(4).
Diandra, D., & Syahputra, E. (2021). Covid-19 dan Strategi Bertahan Bisnis di Era Inovasi Digital: Dalam Perspektif Kapabilitas Digital Keunggulan Sumber Daya. Prosiding Industrial Research …, 4–5.
Donkor, J., Donkor, G. N. A., & Kankam-Kwarteng, C. (2017). Strategic planning and family business performance in Ghana: Moderating role of it capability. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(2), 1–12.
Erkmen, T., Günsel, A., & Altindağ, E. (2020). The role of innovative climate in the relationship between sustainable IT capability and firm performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104058
Ghazali, I., & Latan, H. (2014). SMART PLS. Undip Publishers. Semarang.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24.
Hakala, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial and learning orientation: effects on growth and profitability in the software sector. Baltic Journal of Management.
Hendry, L. C., Stevenson, M., MacBryde, J., Ball, P., Sayed, M., & Liu, L. (2019). Local food supply chain resilience to constitutional change: the Brexit effect. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 39(3), 429–453.
Indarti, N., & Langenberg, M. (2004). Factors affecting business success among SMEs: Empirical evidences from Indonesia. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3(2), 1–14.
Kakilo, R., Hinelo, R., & Podungge, R. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Sumber Daya ManusiaTerhadap Peningkatan Kinerja UMKM Di Kota Gorontalo. YUME : Journal of Management, 5(3), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.37531/yume.vxix.347
Lachowicz, M. J., Preacher, K. J., & Kelley, K. (2018). A novel measure of effect size for mediation analysis. Psychological Methods, 23(2), 244.
Löfsten, H. (2016). Business and innovation resources: Determinants for the survival of new technology-based firms. Management Decision, 54(1), 88–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-04-2015-0139
M’mbwanga, S. K., & Anyieni, A. (2022). Strategies Adopted to Achieve Competitive Advantage of Commercial Banks in Nakuru County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 10(04), 3278–3293.
Makadok, R. (2001). Toward a synthesis of the resource‐based and dynamic‐capability views of rent creation. Strategic Management Journal, 22(5), 387–401.
Maulana, Y. S., Maulina, E., Kostini, N., & Herawati, T. (2022). Integration of Electronic Business on Tourism: A Bibliometric Network Analysis. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 13(6), 1779–1797.
Melhem, S., & Jacobsen, A. H. (2021). A Global Study on Digital Capabilities. In World Bank Group (Vol. 1).
Mia, M. M., Zayed, N. M., Islam, K. M. A., Nitsenko, V., Matusevych, T., & Mordous, I. (2022). The Strategy of Factors Influencing Learning Satisfaction Explored by First and Second-Order Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Inventions, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030059
Musonnafa, M. A., & Djazuli, A. (2022). The Effect of Customer Relationship Management on Marketing Performance Mediated by Competitive Advantage and Innovation (Study on Area Managers of Pharmaceutical Companies in East Java during the COVID-19 Pandemic). Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education (APJME), 5(2), 111–121.
Nahuway, V. F., & Noermijati, R. (2018). Analysis of Cost Leadership Strategy and Differentiation Strategy in Creating Competitive Advantages and their Impact on Performance. International Journal of Science and Research BISSN (Online), 2319–7064.
Naidoo, V. (2010). Firm survival through a crisis: The influence of market orientation, marketing innovation and business strategy. Industrial Marketing Management, 39(8), 1311–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.02.005
Nambisan, S., Lyytinen, K., Majchrzak, A., & Song, M. (2017). Digital innovation management. MIS Quarterly, 41(1), 223–238.
Niemimaa, M., Järveläinen, J., Heikkilä, M., & Heikkilä, J. (2019). Business continuity of business models: Evaluating the resilience of business models for contingencies. International Journal of Information Management, 49, 208–216.
Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource‐based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140303
Poi, G. (2023). Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Competitive Advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.47672/ije.1519
Porter, M. E. (1989). How competitive forces shape strategy. In Readings in strategic management (pp. 133–143). Springer.
Rambing, P. R., Paendong, M. K., Kumaat, A. P., & Pessak, R. (2022). Implikasi Inovasi Produk Terhadap Keunggulan Bersaing Produk Bunga Segar Pada Umkm “Ilomata” Tomohon. Journal of Business Administration (JBA), 2(2), 108–122.
Reeves, M., & Whitaker, K. (2020). A guide to building a more resilient business. Harvard Business Review, 2–8.
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J.-M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS GmbH, Boenningstedt. Journal of Service Science and Management, 10(3), 32–49.
Royyana, A. (2021). Strategi transformasi digital pada pt. Kimia farma (persero) tbk. Journal of Information Systems for Public Health, 5(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.22146/jisph.34179
Sallatu, M. A., & Indarti, N. (2018). Determining Factors of Firm Survivability a Study of University Spin-Offs in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 33(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.30209
Sari, S. M., Yunizar, Y., & Sartika, D. (2020). Penentu Keunggulan Bersaing Pada UMKM: Apakah Kompetensi Digital dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan Penting? AdBispreneur: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Administrasi Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 5(1), 63–72.
Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211.
Savino, T., Messeni Petruzzelli, A., & Albino, V. (2017). Search and recombination process to innovate: a review of the empirical evidence and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 54–75.
Shinozaki, S. (2015). A new regime of SME finance in emerging Asia: Enhancing access to growth capital and policy implications. In Foreign Direct Investment and Small and Medium Enterprises: Productivity and Access to Finance (pp. 77–104). World Scientific Publishing Co. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814678810_0005
Tobi, H., & Kampen, J. K. (2018). Research design: the methodology for interdisciplinary research framework. Quality & Quantity, 52, 1209–1225.
Uwizeyemungu, S., Poba-Nzaou, P., Raymond, L., & St-Pierre, J. (2014). The combined effects of IT and HRM capabilities on competitive performance: Empirical evidence from service and manufacturing SMEs.
Uwizeyemungu, S., Raymond, L., Poba-nzaou, P., & St-, J. (2018). The complementarity of IT and HRM capabilities for competitive performance : a configurational analysis of manufacturing and industrial service SMEs performance : a con fi gurational analysis of manufacturing and. Enterprise Information Systems, 00(00), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17517575.2018.1448118
Velu, C. (2015). Business model innovation and third-party alliance on the survival of new firms. Technovation, 35, 1–11.
Vial, G. (2021). Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. Managing Digital Transformation, 13–66.
Wahyuningtyas, R., Disastra, G., & Rismayani, R. (2023). Toward cooperative competitiveness for community development in Economic Society 5.0. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17(3), 594–620.
Waithaka, P. (2020). Competitor Threats and the Competitive Advantage among Commercial Banks in Kenya. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 16(25), 72–87. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n25p72
Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource‐based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180.
Wilbon, A. D. (2015). Technology strategy and organizational learning: Applying population ecology to understanding the influence on firm survival. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 221–236.
Xia, Y., Qiao, Z., & Xie, G. (2022). Corporate resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of digital finance. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 74, 101791.