Main Article Content
Abstract
This aim of this research is to analyze the influence of the audit committee, profitability, and the board of directors on tax planning. The research employs three independent variables: audit committee proxied by AC SIZE, Profitability proxied by ROE, and board of direction proxied by DIREKSI. Dependent variabel is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). A sample of 39 companies from the food and beverage sector was initially selected based on certian criteria, but 10 companies were identified as outlier, leaving 29 companies in the final sample. Consequently, out of a total 117 data observations, only 87 were utilized for analysis. The findings reveal that the audit committee has a positive impact on tax planning, while profitability has a negative impact on tax planning. Additionally, the board of directiors was found to have no significant effect on tax planning. These results provide insights for companies to enhance the effectiveness of their board of directors and strengthen the role of the audit committee in formulating tax planning strategies. The study recommends that stakeholders consider tax governance as a crucial element in evaluating corporate risks. Furthermore, companies should focus on optimizing both efficiency and profitability through balanced tax planning, encuring compliance with tax regulations while promoting long- term sustainability. Ini doing so, companies can improve their credibility with stakeholders and maximize tax benefits to support operational continuity.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Alqatan, A., Chemingui, S., & Arslan, M. (2025). Effect of Audit Committee on Tax Aggressiveness: French Evidence. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010005
- Andrejovska, A. (2019). Effective Tax Rate In The Context Of The Economic Determinants. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 15(2), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2019.15-2.3
- Aprilliasari, E. D., & Soesetio, Y. (2024). The Effect Of Tax Planning On Firm Value : A Moderation Role Of Board Gender Divesity. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 39(2), 372–389.
- Ardian, V., & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Aktiva Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang Dimoderasi Corporate Social Responsibility. Jurnal Mahasiswa, 5(1), 212–236.
- Bashir, T., & Zachariah, P. (2020). Ownership Structure and Tax Planning of Listed Firms: Evidence From Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 12(3), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.5897/jat2020.0412
- Beasley, M. S., Goldman, N. C., Lewellen, C. M., & McAllister, M. (2021). Board Risk Oversight and Corporate Tax-Planning Practices. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.2308/JMAR-19-056
- Bhagiawan, G., & Mukhlasin, M. (2020a). Effect of Corporate Governance on Tax Planning & Firm Value. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 6(2), 72–80.
- Bhagiawan, G., & Mukhlasin, M. (2020b). Effect Of Corporate Governance On Tax Planning & Firm Value International International of Commerce of Commerce and and Finance Finance JEL Codes : G32 , H26 , and G34 2 . Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 2 . 1 Tax Planning. 6(2), 72–80.
- Butar-Butar, S. (2019). Board of Commisioners Composition, Governance Committee, and Stock Price Synchronicity. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.21.1.1-11
- Cooper, M., & Nguyen, Q. T. K. (2020). Multinational Enterprises and Corporate Tax planning: A Review of Literature and Suggestions For A Future Research Agenda. International Business Review, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101692
- Deslandes, M., Fortin, A., & Landry, S. (2020). Audit Committee Characteristics and Tax Aggressiveness. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(2), 272–293. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2018-2109
- Eguavoen, I., Ukarin, I., & Enewerome, O. T. (2023). Board Attributes and Tax Planning of Corporate Organisations in Nigeria. Management and Economics Review, 8(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.24818/mer/2023.02-04
- Farhana, S. A., Rumiasih, N. ., & Rizqi, M. N. (2022). The Effect of Profitability and Leverage on Tax Planning with Company Size as a Moderating Variable. Jurnal HARMONI: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 1(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.32832/jharmoni.v1i2.8839
- Ftouhi, K., & Ghardallou, W. (2020). International Tax Planning Techniques: A Review Of The Literature. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 21(2), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2019-0080
- Ganesan, Y., Tong, G. E., Jaafar, A. H., & Shaharudi, M. S. (2024). Assessing the Role of Corporate Governance in Tax Planning Behaviors of Malaysia ’ s Listed Manufacturing Firms. International Journal Of Academic Research In Accounting, Finance And Management Sciences, 14(4), 282–300. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v14-i4/23431
- Gusti, C. A. (2023). Maximizing Tax Revenue: The Impact of Tax Planning Implementation on Tax Compliance. Probilitas, 2(2), 30–38.
- Hattani, N. A., & Sahbani, S. (2024). Decoding Tax Management: the Role of Corporate Governance Mechanisms. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 8(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv8i1p7
- Hendayana, Y., Arief Ramdhany, M., Pranowo, A. S., Abdul Halim Rachmat, R., & Herdiana, E. (2024). Exploring impact of profitability, leverage and capital intensity on avoidance of tax, moderated by size of firm in LQ45 companies. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2371062
- Hidayati, N., & Fatoni, A. (2024). The Influence of Profitability , Leverage , Tax Planning and Company Size on Profit Management (Empirical Study on Technology Companies Registered on JII 70) . Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 9(1), 108–118.
- Idzniah, U. N. L., & Bernawati, Y. (2020). Board of Directors, Audit Committee, Executive Compensation and Tax Avoidance of Banking Companies in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance, 3(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.33005/jasf.v3i2.111
- Indrati, M., Agustiningsih, W., Purwaningsih, E., & Baskara, I. (2024). Analysis of Factors That Influence Tax Avoidance in the Food and Beverage Industry. Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, 5(1), 558–571. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v5i1.2392
- Istighfara, R. C., & Biduri, S. (2024). Optimizing VAT Planning to Enchance Tax Efficiency in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 19(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v19i2.1102
- Janah, N., & Munandar, A. (2022). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variable Moderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 6(2), 494–512.
- Judijanto, L., Nopianti, R., Tjeng, P. S., & AMin, A. (2024). Tax Planning Strategies for Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU), 1(4), 1046–1061.
- Kurniawati, F., & Prasetyo, U. (2023). Effects of Profitability, Leverage, and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance of F&B Companies Listed on IDX. Cakrawangsa Bisnis, 4(1), 103–114.
- Kusuma, T., & Indrati, M. (2023). Mekanisme Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 14(03), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.23887/jimat.v14i03.57799
- Mardiana, A., & Purwaningsih, E. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal dan Kompetensi Komisaris Independen Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. EKALAYA Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi, 1(1), 22–35.
- Musa, S. L., Adamu, I. A., & Aliyu, M. Y. (2024). Examining The Influence Of Board Attributes On Tax Planning In Nigerian Listed Deposit Money Banks. Fulafia International Journal of Business and Allied Studies (FIJBAS), 2(3), 54–76.
- Nosalira, Z., & Misra, F. (2020). The Influence of Profitability, Leverage and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Tax Planning in LQ45 Companies Registered on the IDX in 2015-2018. Socio Humanus, 2(1), 1–15.
- Okenwa, O., & John, O. A. (2020). Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidence Of Quated Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 6(7), 2488–9849. https://doi.org/10.46654/ij.24889849
- Olurankinse, F., & Mamudi, A. I. (2021). Corporate Tax Planning and Financial Performance of Development Banks In Nigeria. European Journal Of Accounting, 47(4), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.31857/s013116462104007x
- Paraswati, A. W., & Purwaningsih, E. (2024). The Impact of The Influence of Profitability, Company Size and Leverages on Tax Avoidance. Riset : Jurnal Aplikasi Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v5i1.775
- Rahmawati, Y. D., Kholifami, D. A., Safitri, N. L., Wibowo, H. E. S., & Pujiyantiningtyas, V. (2024). Impact of Leverage, Profitability, and Company Size on Tax Planning in Manufacturing Firms. Journal Economic Business Innovation, 1(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.69725/jebi.v1i2.27
- Safitri, A., & Wahyudi, I. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Capital Intensity, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 1(2), 662–670.
- Sanno, L. U., Wiroonratch, K., Tripipat, B., & Thammachart. (2023). Influence of Audit Committee Characteristics on Thailand’s MAI Listed Company Tax Planning Efficiency Cuadernos de economía. Cuadernos de Economía, 46(130), 170–180.
- Saputra, F. (2022). Analysis Effect Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) on Stock Prices of Coal Companies in the Indonesia Exchange (IDX) Period 2018- 2021. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting (DIJEFA), 3(1), 82–94.
- Sholikhah, M. ’Ainish, & Nurdin, F. (2022). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Tax Avoidance: Empirical Study on Trade, Service and Investment Company Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period of 2016 - 2020 . JURNAL PAJAK INDONESIA (Indonesian Tax Review), 6(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v6i2.1715
- Shubita, M. F. (2024). The relationship between sales growth, profitability, and tax avoidance. Innovative Marketing, 20(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.20(1).2024.10
- Taghizadeh, R., Rezaei, G., & SadeghzadehMaharluie, M. (2023). An Analysis of the Board of Directors Network Relations Regarding Determination of their Tax Policies Planning. Iranian Journal of Finance, 7(2), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.30699/ijf.2023.322342.1300
- Thomya, W., & Ritsri, U. (2024). Audit Committee Characteristics and Tax Planning: Evidence From the Ago-Industry in Listed Companies in Thailand. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2309186
- Ugbah, A. A., Amahi, F. U., & Offor Nkechi T. (2023). Audit Committee Composition and Tax Planning in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 23(21), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i211116
- Wahyuni, P., Silaban, P. S., Tinggi, S., Ekonomi, I., & Prasetya, E. (2022). Tax Planning and Tax Avoidence The Effect on the Value of Manufacturing Companies in the Food and Beverage Sub Sector . Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(5).
References
Alqatan, A., Chemingui, S., & Arslan, M. (2025). Effect of Audit Committee on Tax Aggressiveness: French Evidence. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm18010005
Andrejovska, A. (2019). Effective Tax Rate In The Context Of The Economic Determinants. Montenegrin Journal of Economics, 15(2), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2019.15-2.3
Aprilliasari, E. D., & Soesetio, Y. (2024). The Effect Of Tax Planning On Firm Value : A Moderation Role Of Board Gender Divesity. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 39(2), 372–389.
Ardian, V., & Wahyudi, I. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Aktiva Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang Dimoderasi Corporate Social Responsibility. Jurnal Mahasiswa, 5(1), 212–236.
Bashir, T., & Zachariah, P. (2020). Ownership Structure and Tax Planning of Listed Firms: Evidence From Nigeria. Journal of Accounting and Taxation, 12(3), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.5897/jat2020.0412
Beasley, M. S., Goldman, N. C., Lewellen, C. M., & McAllister, M. (2021). Board Risk Oversight and Corporate Tax-Planning Practices. Journal of Management Accounting Research, 33(1), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.2308/JMAR-19-056
Bhagiawan, G., & Mukhlasin, M. (2020a). Effect of Corporate Governance on Tax Planning & Firm Value. International Journal of Commerce and Finance, 6(2), 72–80.
Bhagiawan, G., & Mukhlasin, M. (2020b). Effect Of Corporate Governance On Tax Planning & Firm Value International International of Commerce of Commerce and and Finance Finance JEL Codes : G32 , H26 , and G34 2 . Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 2 . 1 Tax Planning. 6(2), 72–80.
Butar-Butar, S. (2019). Board of Commisioners Composition, Governance Committee, and Stock Price Synchronicity. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9744/jak.21.1.1-11
Cooper, M., & Nguyen, Q. T. K. (2020). Multinational Enterprises and Corporate Tax planning: A Review of Literature and Suggestions For A Future Research Agenda. International Business Review, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101692
Deslandes, M., Fortin, A., & Landry, S. (2020). Audit Committee Characteristics and Tax Aggressiveness. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(2), 272–293. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2018-2109
Eguavoen, I., Ukarin, I., & Enewerome, O. T. (2023). Board Attributes and Tax Planning of Corporate Organisations in Nigeria. Management and Economics Review, 8(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.24818/mer/2023.02-04
Farhana, S. A., Rumiasih, N. ., & Rizqi, M. N. (2022). The Effect of Profitability and Leverage on Tax Planning with Company Size as a Moderating Variable. Jurnal HARMONI: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan, 1(2), 144. https://doi.org/10.32832/jharmoni.v1i2.8839
Ftouhi, K., & Ghardallou, W. (2020). International Tax Planning Techniques: A Review Of The Literature. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 21(2), 329–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2019-0080
Ganesan, Y., Tong, G. E., Jaafar, A. H., & Shaharudi, M. S. (2024). Assessing the Role of Corporate Governance in Tax Planning Behaviors of Malaysia ’ s Listed Manufacturing Firms. International Journal Of Academic Research In Accounting, Finance And Management Sciences, 14(4), 282–300. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v14-i4/23431
Gusti, C. A. (2023). Maximizing Tax Revenue: The Impact of Tax Planning Implementation on Tax Compliance. Probilitas, 2(2), 30–38.
Hattani, N. A., & Sahbani, S. (2024). Decoding Tax Management: the Role of Corporate Governance Mechanisms. Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review, 8(1), 83–93. https://doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv8i1p7
Hendayana, Y., Arief Ramdhany, M., Pranowo, A. S., Abdul Halim Rachmat, R., & Herdiana, E. (2024). Exploring impact of profitability, leverage and capital intensity on avoidance of tax, moderated by size of firm in LQ45 companies. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2371062
Hidayati, N., & Fatoni, A. (2024). The Influence of Profitability , Leverage , Tax Planning and Company Size on Profit Management (Empirical Study on Technology Companies Registered on JII 70) . Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 9(1), 108–118.
Idzniah, U. N. L., & Bernawati, Y. (2020). Board of Directors, Audit Committee, Executive Compensation and Tax Avoidance of Banking Companies in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance, 3(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.33005/jasf.v3i2.111
Indrati, M., Agustiningsih, W., Purwaningsih, E., & Baskara, I. (2024). Analysis of Factors That Influence Tax Avoidance in the Food and Beverage Industry. Jurnal Ilmiah Global Education, 5(1), 558–571. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v5i1.2392
Istighfara, R. C., & Biduri, S. (2024). Optimizing VAT Planning to Enchance Tax Efficiency in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 19(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v19i2.1102
Janah, N., & Munandar, A. (2022). Pengaruh Perencanaan Pajak dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variable Moderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 6(2), 494–512.
Judijanto, L., Nopianti, R., Tjeng, P. S., & AMin, A. (2024). Tax Planning Strategies for Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Social and Education (INJOSEDU), 1(4), 1046–1061.
Kurniawati, F., & Prasetyo, U. (2023). Effects of Profitability, Leverage, and Firm Size on Tax Avoidance of F&B Companies Listed on IDX. Cakrawangsa Bisnis, 4(1), 103–114.
Kusuma, T., & Indrati, M. (2023). Mekanisme Corporate Social Responsibility Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Manajemen Laba Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. JIMAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Akuntansi) Undiksha, 14(03), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.23887/jimat.v14i03.57799
Mardiana, A., & Purwaningsih, E. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal dan Kompetensi Komisaris Independen Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. EKALAYA Jurnal Ekonomi Akuntansi, 1(1), 22–35.
Musa, S. L., Adamu, I. A., & Aliyu, M. Y. (2024). Examining The Influence Of Board Attributes On Tax Planning In Nigerian Listed Deposit Money Banks. Fulafia International Journal of Business and Allied Studies (FIJBAS), 2(3), 54–76.
Nosalira, Z., & Misra, F. (2020). The Influence of Profitability, Leverage and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Tax Planning in LQ45 Companies Registered on the IDX in 2015-2018. Socio Humanus, 2(1), 1–15.
Okenwa, O., & John, O. A. (2020). Corporate Governance and Tax Avoidence Of Quated Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies In Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 6(7), 2488–9849. https://doi.org/10.46654/ij.24889849
Olurankinse, F., & Mamudi, A. I. (2021). Corporate Tax Planning and Financial Performance of Development Banks In Nigeria. European Journal Of Accounting, 47(4), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.31857/s013116462104007x
Paraswati, A. W., & Purwaningsih, E. (2024). The Impact of The Influence of Profitability, Company Size and Leverages on Tax Avoidance. Riset : Jurnal Aplikasi Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v5i1.775
Rahmawati, Y. D., Kholifami, D. A., Safitri, N. L., Wibowo, H. E. S., & Pujiyantiningtyas, V. (2024). Impact of Leverage, Profitability, and Company Size on Tax Planning in Manufacturing Firms. Journal Economic Business Innovation, 1(2), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.69725/jebi.v1i2.27
Safitri, A., & Wahyudi, I. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Capital Intensity, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 1(2), 662–670.
Sanno, L. U., Wiroonratch, K., Tripipat, B., & Thammachart. (2023). Influence of Audit Committee Characteristics on Thailand’s MAI Listed Company Tax Planning Efficiency Cuadernos de economía. Cuadernos de Economía, 46(130), 170–180.
Saputra, F. (2022). Analysis Effect Return On Assets (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), and Price Earning Ratio (PER) on Stock Prices of Coal Companies in the Indonesia Exchange (IDX) Period 2018- 2021. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting (DIJEFA), 3(1), 82–94.
Sholikhah, M. ’Ainish, & Nurdin, F. (2022). The Effect of Good Corporate Governance on Tax Avoidance: Empirical Study on Trade, Service and Investment Company Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period of 2016 - 2020 . JURNAL PAJAK INDONESIA (Indonesian Tax Review), 6(2), 203–213. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v6i2.1715
Shubita, M. F. (2024). The relationship between sales growth, profitability, and tax avoidance. Innovative Marketing, 20(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.20(1).2024.10
Taghizadeh, R., Rezaei, G., & SadeghzadehMaharluie, M. (2023). An Analysis of the Board of Directors Network Relations Regarding Determination of their Tax Policies Planning. Iranian Journal of Finance, 7(2), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.30699/ijf.2023.322342.1300
Thomya, W., & Ritsri, U. (2024). Audit Committee Characteristics and Tax Planning: Evidence From the Ago-Industry in Listed Companies in Thailand. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2309186
Ugbah, A. A., Amahi, F. U., & Offor Nkechi T. (2023). Audit Committee Composition and Tax Planning in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 23(21), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i211116
Wahyuni, P., Silaban, P. S., Tinggi, S., Ekonomi, I., & Prasetya, E. (2022). Tax Planning and Tax Avoidence The Effect on the Value of Manufacturing Companies in the Food and Beverage Sub Sector . Enrichment: Journal of Management, 12(5).