Main Article Content
Abstract
Review literature This to study theory evolving management in leadership organization between 2020 and 2024 which handles challenge environment Work distance distant and hybrid . Through analysis systematic to work scientific latest , review This identify three approach the key that marks a real shift from the leadership model traditional : digital competence , communication adaptive , and retrieval decision together . Findings This show that leadership in environment Work distance far and hybrid need different competencies and approaches compared to with paradigm leadership traditional , especially For manage team distributed in a way effective .
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Article Details
References
- Abou Hashish, EA (2025). Compassion through technology: Digital empathy concept analysis and implications in nursing. Digital Health , 11 . https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251326221/ASSET/1CC872B4-9843-4B68-B32F-5A7563DD82FF/ASSETS/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_20552076251326221-FIG2.JPG
- Arunprasad, P., Dey, C., Jebli , F., Manimuthu , A., & El Hathat , Z. (2022). Exploring the remote work challenges in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: review and application model. Benchmarking , 29 (10), 3333–3355. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0421/FULL/XML
- Asfahani , AM (2025). Navigating Digital Leadership: Unraveling the Dynamics of Remote Work Environments. TEM Journal , 14 (1), 823–835.
- Barnes, K., Vione, K., & Kotera, Y. (2024). Effective leadership practice among senior leaders working from home and in the hybrid workplace across COVID-19. SN Business & Economics , 4 (5), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/S43546-024-00651-4/TABLES/2
- Bell, B.S., McAlpine, K.L., & Hill, N.S. (2019). Leading from a distance: Advancements in virtual leadership research. The Cambridge Handbook of Technology and Employee Behavior , 387–418. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649636.016
- Byczyk , M. (2024). Changes in teamwork and new leadership characteristics, triggered by the work form changes. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series , 2024 (198), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.198.5
- Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., & Tramontano, C. (2022). “It needs to be the right blend”: a qualitative exploration of remote e-workers' experience and well-being at work. Employee Relations , 44 (2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2021-0058/FULL/XML
- Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-Leadership and Teleworking in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: What We Know and Where Do We Go. Frontiers in Psychology , 11 , 590271. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.590271/BIBTEX
- Han, S. J., & Hazard, N. (2022). Shared Leadership in Virtual Teams at Work: Practical Strategies and Research Suggestions for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review , 21 (3), 300–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843221093376
- Kaushik, M., & Guleria , N. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Workplace. European Journal of Business and Management . https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/12-15-02
- Lalitha, M., Ravi, J., & Reddy, E.U. (2025). Study on Digital Empathy in IT Corporation Management. In Corporate Management in the Digital Age (pp. 133–160). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8412-1.ch005
- Mustajab, D. (2024). Exploring the Effectiveness of Remote and Hybrid Work Policies: A Literature Review on Workforce Management Practices. Journal Management Business , 11 (2), 891–908. https://doi.org/10.33096/JMB.V11I2.798
- Nurmi, N., & Hinds, P. J. (2016). Job complexity and learning opportunities: A silver lining in the design of global virtual work. Journal of International Business Studies , 47 (6), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.1057/JIBS.2016.11/METRICS
- Pontillo, S., Lauro, S. Di, & Antonelli, G. (2022). Defining the Leader in an Agile and Remote Working Environment. PuntOorg International Journal , 7 (2), 160–215. https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.PIJ.7.2.5
- Raghuram, S., Hill, N.S., Gibbs, J.L., & Maruping, L.M. (2019). Virtual Work: Bridging Research Clusters. https://Doi.Org/10.5465/Annals.2017.0020 , 13 (1), 308–341. https://doi.org/10.5465/ANNALS.2017.0020
- Rysavy, M.D.T., & Michalak, R. (2020). Working from Home: How We Managed Our Team Remotely with Technology. Journal of Library Administration , 60 (5), 532–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1760569;SUBPAGE:STRING:ACCESS
- Schmidt, G. B., & Van Dellen, S. A. (2022). Leadership of place in virtual environments. Leadership , 18 (1), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150211045153
- Steenkamp, H., & Dhanesh, G.S. (2023). Care-based relationship management during remote work in a crisis: Empathy, purpose, and diversity climate as emergent employee-organization relational maintenance strategies. Public Relations Review , 49 (4), 102371. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2023.102371
- Terkamo -Moisio, A., Karki, S., Kangasniemi, M., Lammintakanen , J., & Häggman-Laitila, A. (2022). Towards remote leadership in health care: Lessons learned from an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 78 (3), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAN.15028;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:PERICLES;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
- Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective. Applied Psychology , 70 (1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/APPS.12290;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
References
Abou Hashish, EA (2025). Compassion through technology: Digital empathy concept analysis and implications in nursing. Digital Health , 11 . https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251326221/ASSET/1CC872B4-9843-4B68-B32F-5A7563DD82FF/ASSETS/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_20552076251326221-FIG2.JPG
Arunprasad, P., Dey, C., Jebli , F., Manimuthu , A., & El Hathat , Z. (2022). Exploring the remote work challenges in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: review and application model. Benchmarking , 29 (10), 3333–3355. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0421/FULL/XML
Asfahani , AM (2025). Navigating Digital Leadership: Unraveling the Dynamics of Remote Work Environments. TEM Journal , 14 (1), 823–835.
Barnes, K., Vione, K., & Kotera, Y. (2024). Effective leadership practice among senior leaders working from home and in the hybrid workplace across COVID-19. SN Business & Economics , 4 (5), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/S43546-024-00651-4/TABLES/2
Bell, B.S., McAlpine, K.L., & Hill, N.S. (2019). Leading from a distance: Advancements in virtual leadership research. The Cambridge Handbook of Technology and Employee Behavior , 387–418. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649636.016
Byczyk , M. (2024). Changes in teamwork and new leadership characteristics, triggered by the work form changes. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series , 2024 (198), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.198.5
Charalampous, M., Grant, C. A., & Tramontano, C. (2022). “It needs to be the right blend”: a qualitative exploration of remote e-workers' experience and well-being at work. Employee Relations , 44 (2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-02-2021-0058/FULL/XML
Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-Leadership and Teleworking in Times of COVID-19 and Beyond: What We Know and Where Do We Go. Frontiers in Psychology , 11 , 590271. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2020.590271/BIBTEX
Han, S. J., & Hazard, N. (2022). Shared Leadership in Virtual Teams at Work: Practical Strategies and Research Suggestions for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review , 21 (3), 300–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/15344843221093376
Kaushik, M., & Guleria , N. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Workplace. European Journal of Business and Management . https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/12-15-02
Lalitha, M., Ravi, J., & Reddy, E.U. (2025). Study on Digital Empathy in IT Corporation Management. In Corporate Management in the Digital Age (pp. 133–160). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-8412-1.ch005
Mustajab, D. (2024). Exploring the Effectiveness of Remote and Hybrid Work Policies: A Literature Review on Workforce Management Practices. Journal Management Business , 11 (2), 891–908. https://doi.org/10.33096/JMB.V11I2.798
Nurmi, N., & Hinds, P. J. (2016). Job complexity and learning opportunities: A silver lining in the design of global virtual work. Journal of International Business Studies , 47 (6), 631–654. https://doi.org/10.1057/JIBS.2016.11/METRICS
Pontillo, S., Lauro, S. Di, & Antonelli, G. (2022). Defining the Leader in an Agile and Remote Working Environment. PuntOorg International Journal , 7 (2), 160–215. https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.PIJ.7.2.5
Raghuram, S., Hill, N.S., Gibbs, J.L., & Maruping, L.M. (2019). Virtual Work: Bridging Research Clusters. https://Doi.Org/10.5465/Annals.2017.0020 , 13 (1), 308–341. https://doi.org/10.5465/ANNALS.2017.0020
Rysavy, M.D.T., & Michalak, R. (2020). Working from Home: How We Managed Our Team Remotely with Technology. Journal of Library Administration , 60 (5), 532–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2020.1760569;SUBPAGE:STRING:ACCESS
Schmidt, G. B., & Van Dellen, S. A. (2022). Leadership of place in virtual environments. Leadership , 18 (1), 186–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150211045153
Steenkamp, H., & Dhanesh, G.S. (2023). Care-based relationship management during remote work in a crisis: Empathy, purpose, and diversity climate as emergent employee-organization relational maintenance strategies. Public Relations Review , 49 (4), 102371. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PUBREV.2023.102371
Terkamo -Moisio, A., Karki, S., Kangasniemi, M., Lammintakanen , J., & Häggman-Laitila, A. (2022). Towards remote leadership in health care: Lessons learned from an integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 78 (3), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/JAN.15028;WEBSITE:WEBSITE:PERICLES;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective. Applied Psychology , 70 (1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/APPS.12290;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION