Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aims to understand standards of conduct as part of ethics in shaping workplace culture. An exploratory research method is used in this study to analyse the survey result of workplace culture conducted biannually by an international organization in seven provinces in Indonesia. The same data are taken to compare Indonesia with the other seven ASEAN countries: Cambodia, Lao DPR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to enrich the interpretation of the survey result. The research is to answer two research questions: to what extent standards of conduct as part of ethics influence the workplace culture using gender perspective lens and to find out the most crucial factors in cultivating a conducive working environment.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Abu Bakar, N. B., Ismail, S., & Mamat, S. (2008). Ethics of Future Accounting Professionals: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 6(1), 21-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/19852510880000633
- Ameen, E., Guffey, D., & McMillan, J. (1996). Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(5), 591-597. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25072782
- Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (Tenth ed.). London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
- Beekun, R., Stedham , Y., Westerman, J., & Yamamura, J. (2010). Effects of justice and utilitarianism on ethical decision making: a cross-cultural examination of gender similarities and differences. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility., 19(4), 309-325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01600.x
- Betz, M., O'Connell, L., & Shepard, J. (1989). Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 9 (6), 321-324. doi:10.1007/bf00381722
- Bratton, J., & Gold, J. (2012). Human Resource Management: Theory & practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Fahrianta , R. Y., & Artinah, B. (2016). BUKTI EMPIRIS PERBEDAAN: GENDER, PENGALAMAN KERJA DAN SITUASI DALAM KONTEKS SENSITIVITAS ETIS DAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS CALON PROFESIONAL AKUNTANSI MASA DEPAN. SocioScientia, 8(2), 97-110. Retrieved from https://lldikti11.ristekdikti.go.id/jurnal/d3248a41-3092-11e8-9030-54271eb90d3b
- Ferrel, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrel, L. (2015). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases, 10e (Tenth ed.). Stamford, USA: Cengage Learning.
- Frantz, T. L., & Jain, A. (2017). Relating CEO leadership behavior and organization culture in the Indian context. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(6), 746-764. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2015-0287
- Islam, M., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95-102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
- Kirichenko, K. (2017). United Nations Treaty Bodies: References to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. ILGA.ORG. ILGA. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://ilga.org/downloads/Treaty_Bodies_SOGIESC_references_2016_ILGA.pdf
- Leatherbarrow, C., & Fletcher, J. (2019). Introduction to Human Resource Management: A Guide to HR in Practice (4th Edition ed.). London, United Kingdom: Kogan Page.
- Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design. New York, USA: The Guilford Press.
- Linke, A., & Zerfass , A. (2011). Internal communication and innovation culture: developing a change framework. Journal of Communication Management, 15(4), 332-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13632541111183361
- McAleese, D., & Hargie, O. (2004). Five guiding principles of culture management: A synthesis of best practice. Journal of Communication Management, 9(2), 155-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540510621399
- Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors. Public Relations Review, 45(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.03.001
- Modarres, A., & Rafiee, A. (2011). Influencing factors on the ethical decision making of Iranian accountants. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(1), 136-144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111114594
- Mondy, R. W., & Martocchio, J. (2016). Human Resource Management (Fourteenth ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
- Robert P. Gephart, J., & Richardson, J. (2008). Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management. (M. M. Harris, Ed.) New York, United States of America: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Sarva, D. M. (Ed.). (n.d.). Corporate Governance and Ethics. Lovely Professional University.
- Schwabach, J. M. (1994). Gender differences in ethical judgements. Restropective Theses and Dissertations. Iowa State University.
- Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2015). Leadership and Organizational Culture as the Normative Influence of Top Management on Employee's Behaviour in the Innovation Proces. Procedia Economics and Finance, 34, 396-402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01646-9
- Tomlinson, H. (2004). Educational Leadership: Growth for Professional Development. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
- UNICEF. (2021, June). Pulse Check on Workplace Culture: Results as of June 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/reports/4c0cce44-d791-4dd4-89a5-bd082258fcfa/ReportSection9cc8fcfc6991fc7abb2e
- Werner, J. M., & DeSimone, R. (2012). Human Resource Development 6e. (Sixth, Ed.) Mason, OH, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning.
References
Abu Bakar, N. B., Ismail, S., & Mamat, S. (2008). Ethics of Future Accounting Professionals: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 6(1), 21-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/19852510880000633
Ameen, E., Guffey, D., & McMillan, J. (1996). Gender Differences in Determining the Ethical Sensitivity of Future Accounting Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(5), 591-597. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/25072782
Armstrong, M. (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (Tenth ed.). London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
Beekun, R., Stedham , Y., Westerman, J., & Yamamura, J. (2010). Effects of justice and utilitarianism on ethical decision making: a cross-cultural examination of gender similarities and differences. Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility., 19(4), 309-325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2010.01600.x
Betz, M., O'Connell, L., & Shepard, J. (1989). Gender differences in proclivity for unethical behaviour. Journal of Business Ethics, 9 (6), 321-324. doi:10.1007/bf00381722
Bratton, J., & Gold, J. (2012). Human Resource Management: Theory & practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Fahrianta , R. Y., & Artinah, B. (2016). BUKTI EMPIRIS PERBEDAAN: GENDER, PENGALAMAN KERJA DAN SITUASI DALAM KONTEKS SENSITIVITAS ETIS DAN PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN ETIS CALON PROFESIONAL AKUNTANSI MASA DEPAN. SocioScientia, 8(2), 97-110. Retrieved from https://lldikti11.ristekdikti.go.id/jurnal/d3248a41-3092-11e8-9030-54271eb90d3b
Ferrel, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrel, L. (2015). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases, 10e (Tenth ed.). Stamford, USA: Cengage Learning.
Frantz, T. L., & Jain, A. (2017). Relating CEO leadership behavior and organization culture in the Indian context. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(6), 746-764. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2015-0287
Islam, M., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95-102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
Kirichenko, K. (2017). United Nations Treaty Bodies: References to sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. ILGA.ORG. ILGA. Retrieved November 16, 2021, from https://ilga.org/downloads/Treaty_Bodies_SOGIESC_references_2016_ILGA.pdf
Leatherbarrow, C., & Fletcher, J. (2019). Introduction to Human Resource Management: A Guide to HR in Practice (4th Edition ed.). London, United Kingdom: Kogan Page.
Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design. New York, USA: The Guilford Press.
Linke, A., & Zerfass , A. (2011). Internal communication and innovation culture: developing a change framework. Journal of Communication Management, 15(4), 332-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13632541111183361
McAleese, D., & Hargie, O. (2004). Five guiding principles of culture management: A synthesis of best practice. Journal of Communication Management, 9(2), 155-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540510621399
Men, L. R., & Yue, C. A. (2019). Creating a positive emotional culture: Effect of internal communication and impact on employee supportive behaviors. Public Relations Review, 45(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.03.001
Modarres, A., & Rafiee, A. (2011). Influencing factors on the ethical decision making of Iranian accountants. Social Responsibility Journal, 7(1), 136-144. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/17471111111114594
Mondy, R. W., & Martocchio, J. (2016). Human Resource Management (Fourteenth ed.). Harlow, Essex, England: Pearson Education Limited.
Robert P. Gephart, J., & Richardson, J. (2008). Handbook of Research in International Human Resource Management. (M. M. Harris, Ed.) New York, United States of America: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Sarva, D. M. (Ed.). (n.d.). Corporate Governance and Ethics. Lovely Professional University.
Schwabach, J. M. (1994). Gender differences in ethical judgements. Restropective Theses and Dissertations. Iowa State University.
Szczepańska-Woszczyna, K. (2015). Leadership and Organizational Culture as the Normative Influence of Top Management on Employee's Behaviour in the Innovation Proces. Procedia Economics and Finance, 34, 396-402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01646-9
Tomlinson, H. (2004). Educational Leadership: Growth for Professional Development. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
UNICEF. (2021, June). Pulse Check on Workplace Culture: Results as of June 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021, from https://app.powerbi.com/groups/me/reports/4c0cce44-d791-4dd4-89a5-bd082258fcfa/ReportSection9cc8fcfc6991fc7abb2e
Werner, J. M., & DeSimone, R. (2012). Human Resource Development 6e. (Sixth, Ed.) Mason, OH, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning.