Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of role clarity on employee engagement, with psychological capital as a mediating variable among village officials in Waled Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency. Using a quantitative approach with an explanatory design, the population was all village officials with a total of 136, the research sample used the census method. Data were collected through a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 22, including simple linear regression, partial t test, coefficient of determination (R2) and Sobel tests. Findings reveal that role clarity significantly influences employee engagement, both directly and indirectly through psychological capital. These results highlight the importance of structured job design and psychological development in optimizing human resource practices in the public sector.
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Article Details
References
- Albrecht, S. L. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement. In Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
- Bellamkonda, N., Santhanam, N., & Pattusamy, M. (2021). Goal Clarity, Trust in Management and Intention to Stay: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 8(1), 9–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093720965322
- De Villiers Marius W Stander, J. R. (2011). Psychological Empowerment, Work Engagement and Turnover Intention: The Role of Leader Relations and Role Clarity in a Financial Institution. Journal OfPsychology in Africa, 21(3), 405–412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820474
- Dubey, P., Pathak, A. K., Anant, A., & Sahu, K. K. (2024). Exploring Workplace Happiness in Healthcare Professionals : A Study of Key Influencing Factors and the Role of Interpretive Structural Modelling ( ISM ). 1–10.
- Fitrialdi, Syahrizal, & Abror. (2020). The Influence of Psychological Capital, Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment to Creativity of Civil Servants in the Government of Bukittinggi City. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 152(December). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201126.107
- Gopalakrishnan, M., & Abu, A. (2024). Role clarity, perceived cohesion and felt responsibility as antecedents of altruism and conscientiousness among college teachers in Kerala. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-01-2023-0012
- Gupta, M., & Shukla, K. (2018). An Empirical Clarification on the Assessment of Engagement at Work. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 20(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422317741692
- Hall, M. (2004). An empirical investigation of the relationship between strategic performance measurement systems , role clarity , psychological empowerment and work outcomes. April 2004, 46.
- Hall, M. (2008). The effect of comprehensive performance measurement systems on role clarity, psychological empowerment and managerial performance. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 33(2–3), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2007.02.004
- Hassan, S. (2013). The importance of role clarification in workgroups: Effects on perceived role clarity, work satisfaction, and turnover rates. Public Administration Review, 73(5), 716–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12100
- Heman, O. U., Olabode, O. O., & Amram, A. (2024). Work Condition Factors and Employee Engagement: the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 26(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.26.1.1-12
- James B. Avey, Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Antecedents and Outcomes of Workplace Incivility. 22(1), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
- Jannah, S. K., Arief, M. Y., & Tulhusnah, L. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Perangkat Desa Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus di Desa Bayeman, Desa Ketowan dan Desa Kedungdowo Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Situbondo). Jurnal Mahasiswa Entrepreneur (JME), 2(7), 1434–1451.
- Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Condition Of Personal Engagement and. Academy of Management Journal, 33(14), 692–724.
- Lang, J., Thomas, J. L., Bliese, P. D., & Adler, A. B. (2007). Job demands and job performance: The mediating effect of psychological and physical strain and the moderating effect of role clarity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.116
- Lusiyani, A., & Helmy, I. (2020). Pengaruh Psychological Capital Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA), 2(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v2i2.458
- Luthans, F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57–72.
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship With Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541–572.
- Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge. In Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187526.001.0001
- Ojeleye, C. Y., Abdullahi, M., & Salami, A. O. (2023). Co-worker support and work engagement of staff of federal colleges of education in Nigeria: moderating role of role clarity. Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 3(25), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2023-3/25-04
- Paek, S., Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2015). Why is hospitality employees’ psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.001
- Saks, A. M. (2022). Caring human resources management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100835
- Samroodh, M., Anwar, I., Ahmad, A., Akhtar, S., Bino, E., & Ali, M. A. (2023). The Indirect Effect of Job Resources on Employees’ Intention to Stay: A Serial Mediation Model with Psychological Capital and Work–Life Balance as the Mediators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010551
- Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire A Cross-National Study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
- Shafira, M. (2021). Hubungan Antara Psychological Capital Dengan Work Engagement Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Di Kantor Bupati Labuhan Batu [Universitas Medan Area]. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/handle/123456789/16126
- Siang, J. M. L. D., Ramayah, T., & Cheng, J. M.-S. (2025). Navigating the Future : Antecedents and Consequences of Psychology Empowerment in Human-Robot Collaboration within Malaysia ’ s Smart Industries. International Journal of Business and Management, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v20n1p23
- Soni, K., & Rastogi, R. (2019). Psychological Capital Augments Employee Engagement. Psychological Studies, 64(4), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00499-x
- Sutrisno, A., Hartati, T., & Prasetyo, D. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Keterikatan Kerja Pegawai Desa. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Organisasi, 13(1), 45–55.
- Towsen, T., Stander, M. W., & van der Vaart, L. (2020). The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, Role Clarity, and Work Engagement: Evidence From South Africa. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01973
- Vîrgă, D., Pattusamy, M., & Kumar, D. P. (2022). How psychological capital is related to academic performance, burnout, and boredom? The mediating role of study engagement. Current Psychology, 41(10), 6731–6743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01162-9
- Vullinghs, J. T., De Hoogh, A. H. B., Den Hartog, D. N., & Boon, C. (2020). Ethical and Passive Leadership and Their Joint Relationships with Burnout via Role Clarity and Role Overload. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(4), 719–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4084-y
- Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633
- Yadav, M., & Kant, S. (2022). Demographic analysis of role clarity in Indian pharmaceutical organizations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(7), 3602–3611. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S07.461
References
Albrecht, S. L. (2010). Handbook of Employee Engagement. In Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Bellamkonda, N., Santhanam, N., & Pattusamy, M. (2021). Goal Clarity, Trust in Management and Intention to Stay: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 8(1), 9–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093720965322
De Villiers Marius W Stander, J. R. (2011). Psychological Empowerment, Work Engagement and Turnover Intention: The Role of Leader Relations and Role Clarity in a Financial Institution. Journal OfPsychology in Africa, 21(3), 405–412. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2011.10820474
Dubey, P., Pathak, A. K., Anant, A., & Sahu, K. K. (2024). Exploring Workplace Happiness in Healthcare Professionals : A Study of Key Influencing Factors and the Role of Interpretive Structural Modelling ( ISM ). 1–10.
Fitrialdi, Syahrizal, & Abror. (2020). The Influence of Psychological Capital, Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment to Creativity of Civil Servants in the Government of Bukittinggi City. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 152(December). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201126.107
Gopalakrishnan, M., & Abu, A. (2024). Role clarity, perceived cohesion and felt responsibility as antecedents of altruism and conscientiousness among college teachers in Kerala. Rajagiri Management Journal, 18(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/ramj-01-2023-0012
Gupta, M., & Shukla, K. (2018). An Empirical Clarification on the Assessment of Engagement at Work. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 20(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422317741692
Hall, M. (2004). An empirical investigation of the relationship between strategic performance measurement systems , role clarity , psychological empowerment and work outcomes. April 2004, 46.
Hall, M. (2008). The effect of comprehensive performance measurement systems on role clarity, psychological empowerment and managerial performance. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 33(2–3), 141–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2007.02.004
Hassan, S. (2013). The importance of role clarification in workgroups: Effects on perceived role clarity, work satisfaction, and turnover rates. Public Administration Review, 73(5), 716–725. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12100
Heman, O. U., Olabode, O. O., & Amram, A. (2024). Work Condition Factors and Employee Engagement: the Mediating Role of Psychological Capital. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 26(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.26.1.1-12
James B. Avey, Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Antecedents and Outcomes of Workplace Incivility. 22(1), 127–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070
Jannah, S. K., Arief, M. Y., & Tulhusnah, L. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Perangkat Desa Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus di Desa Bayeman, Desa Ketowan dan Desa Kedungdowo Kecamatan Arjasa Kabupaten Situbondo). Jurnal Mahasiswa Entrepreneur (JME), 2(7), 1434–1451.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Condition Of Personal Engagement and. Academy of Management Journal, 33(14), 692–724.
Lang, J., Thomas, J. L., Bliese, P. D., & Adler, A. B. (2007). Job demands and job performance: The mediating effect of psychological and physical strain and the moderating effect of role clarity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(2), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.2.116
Lusiyani, A., & Helmy, I. (2020). Pengaruh Psychological Capital Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Komitmen Organisasional Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA), 2(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v2i2.458
Luthans, F. (2002). Positive organizational behavior: Developing and managing psychological strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 16(1), 57–72.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship With Performance and Satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60, 541–572.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge. In Psychological Capital: Developing the Human Competitive Edge. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195187526.001.0001
Ojeleye, C. Y., Abdullahi, M., & Salami, A. O. (2023). Co-worker support and work engagement of staff of federal colleges of education in Nigeria: moderating role of role clarity. Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 3(25), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2023-3/25-04
Paek, S., Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2015). Why is hospitality employees’ psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 50, 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.07.001
Saks, A. M. (2022). Caring human resources management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100835
Samroodh, M., Anwar, I., Ahmad, A., Akhtar, S., Bino, E., & Ali, M. A. (2023). The Indirect Effect of Job Resources on Employees’ Intention to Stay: A Serial Mediation Model with Psychological Capital and Work–Life Balance as the Mediators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010551
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire A Cross-National Study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Shafira, M. (2021). Hubungan Antara Psychological Capital Dengan Work Engagement Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) Di Kantor Bupati Labuhan Batu [Universitas Medan Area]. https://repositori.uma.ac.id/handle/123456789/16126
Siang, J. M. L. D., Ramayah, T., & Cheng, J. M.-S. (2025). Navigating the Future : Antecedents and Consequences of Psychology Empowerment in Human-Robot Collaboration within Malaysia ’ s Smart Industries. International Journal of Business and Management, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v20n1p23
Soni, K., & Rastogi, R. (2019). Psychological Capital Augments Employee Engagement. Psychological Studies, 64(4), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00499-x
Sutrisno, A., Hartati, T., & Prasetyo, D. (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Keterikatan Kerja Pegawai Desa. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Organisasi, 13(1), 45–55.
Towsen, T., Stander, M. W., & van der Vaart, L. (2020). The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, Role Clarity, and Work Engagement: Evidence From South Africa. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(August), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01973
Vîrgă, D., Pattusamy, M., & Kumar, D. P. (2022). How psychological capital is related to academic performance, burnout, and boredom? The mediating role of study engagement. Current Psychology, 41(10), 6731–6743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01162-9
Vullinghs, J. T., De Hoogh, A. H. B., Den Hartog, D. N., & Boon, C. (2020). Ethical and Passive Leadership and Their Joint Relationships with Burnout via Role Clarity and Role Overload. Journal of Business Ethics, 165(4), 719–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4084-y
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82(1), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317908X285633
Yadav, M., & Kant, S. (2022). Demographic analysis of role clarity in Indian pharmaceutical organizations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(7), 3602–3611. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S07.461