Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Brand Experience on the Brand Equity of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Against the backdrop of the importance of social protection in Indonesia's economic development, this study highlights how the application of AI, particularly through chatbots, can enhance service efficiency and user experience. The research method employs Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data from 319 respondents. The results indicate that AI has a significant positive impact on Self Congruity and Consumer Empowerment, which ultimately enhance Brand Experience. Additionally, Brand Experience is proven to increase Brand Equity. These findings provide insights for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in designing more effective and relevant service strategies in the digital age.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Aisyah, S., & Anshori, M. I. (2023). Employee motivation in facing challenges in the insurance industry with the role of creativity as a key factor: case study of Madura BPJS Employment. Journal of Business Management and Economic Development, 2(01), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v2i01.442
- Alfarizi, M., & Ngatindriatun. (2022). Determination of the Intention of MSMEs Owners Using Sharia Cooperatives in Improving Indonesian Islamic Economic Empowerment. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 9(6), 834–849. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20226pp834-849
- Barkun, A. N., & Sadri, H. (2022). COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE-AIDED COLONOSCOPY FOR ADENOMA DETECTION IN COLORECTAL CANCER – A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 95(6), AB263–AB264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2022.04.676
- Beig, F. A., & Nika, F. A. (2019). Brand Experience and Brand Equity. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(4), 410–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262919860963
- Ben Ameur, H., & Ben Rached, K. S. (2022). Impact of Consumer Empowerment on Satisfaction in an Online Brand Community: Mediating role of the Online Experience Toward the Brand. International Review of Management and Marketing, 12(6), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.13776
- Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
- Chen, L., Halepoto, H., Liu, C., Kumari, N., Yan, X., Du, Q., & Memon, H. (2021). Relationship Analysis among Apparel Brand Image, Self-Congruity, and Consumers’ Purchase Intention. Sustainability, 13(22), 12770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212770
- Chen, Q., Lu, Y., Gong, Y., & Xiong, J. (2023). Can AI chatbots help retain customers? Impact of AI service quality on customer loyalty. Internet Research, 33(6), 2205–2243. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-09-2021-0686
- Chieng, F., Sharma, P., Kingshott, R. P., & Roy, R. (2022). Interactive effects of self-congruity and need for uniqueness on brand loyalty via brand experience and brand attachment. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(6), 870–885. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-12-2020-3250
- Chow, J. C. L., Wong, V., Sanders, L., & Li, K. (2023). Developing an AI-Assisted Educational Chatbot for Radiotherapy Using the IBM Watson Assistant Platform. Healthcare, 11(17), 2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172417
- Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M. S., & Fayyad, S. (2022). Authenticity, Involvement, and Nostalgia in Heritage Hotels in the Era of Digital Technology: A Moderated Meditation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105784
- Ferreira, P., Faria, S., & Gabriel, C. (2022). The influence of brand experience on brand equity: the mediating role of brand love in a retail fashion brand. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 17(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2022-0001
- Fong, C.-H., & Goh, Y.-N. (2021). Why brand equity is so important for private healthcare? View from an emerging market. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(4), 1198–1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1755811
- Gómez-Suárez, M., & Veloso, M. (2020). Brand experience and brand attachment as drivers of WOM in hospitality. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 24(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0106
- Gonçalves, A. R., Pinto, D. C., Shuqair, S., Dalmoro, M., & Mattila, A. S. (2024). Artificial intelligence vs. autonomous decision-making in streaming platforms: A mixed-method approach. International Journal of Information Management, 76, 102748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102748
- Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis Eighth edition. www.cengage.com/highered
- Haudi, H., Handayani, W., Suyoto, Musnaini, Y. T., Praseti, T., Pitaloka, E., Wijoyo, H., Yonata, H., Koho, I. R., & Cahyono, Y. (2022). The effect of social media marketing on brand trust, brand equity and brand loyalty. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.1.015
- Hess, N. J., Kelley, C. M., Scott, M. L., Mende, M., & Schumann, J. H. (2020). Getting Personal in Public!? How Consumers Respond to Public Personalized Advertising in Retail Stores. Journal of Retailing, 96(3), 344–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2019.11.005
- Hsieh, S. H., Lee, C. T., & Tseng, T. H. (2022). Psychological empowerment and user satisfaction: Investigating the influences of online brand community participation. Information & Management, 59(1), 103570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103570
- Jeon, H. M., & Yoo, S. R. (2021). The relationship between brand experience and consumer-based brand equity in grocerants. Service Business, 15(2), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-021-00439-8
- Jiang, K., Qin, M., & Li, S. (2022). Chatbots in retail: How do they affect the continued use and purchase intentions of Chinese consumers? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 21(4), 756–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2034
- Kim, R. B., & Chao, Y. (2019). Effects of brand experience, brand image and brand trust on brand building process: The case of Chinese millennial generation consumers. Journal of International Studies, 12(3), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/1
- Klabi, F. (2020). Self-Image Congruity Affecting Perceived Quality and the Moderation of Brand Experience: The Case of Local and International Brands in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Global Marketing, 33(2), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2019.1614242
- Korteling, J. E. (Hans)., van de Boer-Visschedijk, G. C., Blankendaal, R. A. M., Boonekamp, R. C., & Eikelboom, A. R. (2021). Human- versus Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2021.622364
- Lacassie, H. J. Q. (2022). Inteligencia artificial para anestesiólogos en el Siglo 21. Revista Chilena de Anestesia, 51(5). https://doi.org/10.25237/revchilanestv5111071034
- Maduretno, R. B. E. H. P., & Junaedi, M. F. S. (2022). Exploring the Effects of Coffee Shop Brand Experience on Loyalty: The Roles of Brand Love and Brand Trust. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 24(3), 289. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.63218
- Meza Jimenez, V. M., & Perez Gonzalez, E. (2022). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Latin Americas Energy Transition. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 20(11), 2404–2412. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2022.9904766
- Mindigulova, A. A., Vikhman, V. V., & Romm, M. V. (2023). The Use of Artificial Inteligence in Education: Opportunities, Limitations, Risks. 2023 IEEE 24th International Conference of Young Professionals in Electron Devices and Materials (EDM), 2000–2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDM58354.2023.10225245
- Mishra, S., Malhotra, G., Chatterjee, R., & Shukla, Y. (2023). Consumer retention through phygital experience in omnichannel retailing: role of consumer empowerment and satisfaction. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 31(4), 749–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2021.1985594
- Moedeen, S., Aw, E. C. X., Alryalat, M., Wei-Han Tan, G., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Social media marketing in the digital age: empower consumers to win big? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(1), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2022-0784
- Mostafa, R. B., & Sobhy Temerak, M. (2024). Does consumer empowerment enhance brand page stickiness? The role of brand page experience and brand love. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 18(6), 1136–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2023-0192
- Muhamad, N. (2025). Kekhawatiran Masyarakat RI terhadap Penggunaan AI. Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/keamanan-internet/statistik/68185e5e3d02c/ini-kekhawatiran-masyarakat-ri-terhadap-penggunaan-ai
- Pu, Y., Zaidin, N., & Zhu, Y. (2023). How Do E-Brand Experience and In-Store Experience Influence the Brand Loyalty of Novel Coffee Brands in China? Exploring the Roles of Customer Satisfaction and Self–Brand Congruity. Sustainability, 15(2), 1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021096
- Pufahl, L., Zerbato, F., Weber, B., & Weber, I. (2022). BPMN in healthcare: Challenges and best practices. Information Systems, 107, 102013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2022.102013
- Rahmawati, & Hidayati, N. (2023). Exploring Gen Z Social Media Marketing Engagement on Brand Experience, Brand Equity, and Brand Trust: The Context of Muslim Fashion. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management, 16(3), 656–670. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v16i3.48761
- Rawat, R., Goyal, H. R., & Sharma, S. (2023). Artificial Narrow Intelligence Techniques in Intelligent Digital Financial Inclusion System for Digital Society. 2023 6th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCON57294.2023.10112133
- Rymarz, A., Grabowska, E., Wojtala, L., Musiał, L., Możdżyńska, A., Kapłon, K., Kamińska, I., Kojder, D., & Sierpień, M. (2023). Future of cardiovascular diagnosis with the support of artificial intelligence. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 44(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.44.01.001
- Salminah, S., & Kurniawati, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perceived Credibility of Consumers, dan Perceived Images of Consumers terhadap Minat Beli Produk, dengan Consumer’s Trust sebagai Variabel Mediasi: Studi pada Produk Outfit Muslim di Kota Pekanbaru. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 18(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v18i1.2974
- Šegota, T., Chen, N. (Chris), & Golja, T. (2022). The Impact of Self-Congruity and Evaluation of the Place on WOM: Perspectives of Tourism Destination Residents. Journal of Travel Research, 61(4), 800–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211008237
- Shah, S. A., Shoukat, M. H., Ahmad, M. S., & Khan, B. (2024). Role of social media technologies and customer relationship management capabilities 2.0 in creating customer loyalty and university reputation. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(1), 344–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1991072
- Sirgy, M. J. (2019). Self-congruity theory in consumer behavior: A little history. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 28(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2018.1436981
- Sohaib, M., Mlynarski, J., & Wu, R. (2022). Building Brand Equity: The Impact of Brand Experience, Brand Love, and Brand Engagement—A Case Study of Customers’ Perception of the Apple Brand in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010746
- Strandberg, C. (2023). Let’s stay together – The mediating role of self-congruity and place attachment on residents’ likelihood to stay. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 87, 101989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101989
- Tajurahim, N. N. S., Abu Bakar, E., Md Jusoh, Z., Ahmad, S., & Muhammad Arif, A. M. (2020). The effect of intensity of consumer education, self‐efficacy, personality traits and social media on consumer empowerment. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(6), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12585
- Thiebes, S., Lins, S., & Sunyaev, A. (2021). Trustworthy artificial intelligence. Electronic Markets, 31(2), 447–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00441-4
- Usakli, A., Kucukergin, K. G., Shi, D., & Okumus, F. (2022). Does self-congruity or functional congruity better predict destination attachment? A higher-order structural model. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 23, 100686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100686
- Yang, X., Weber, A., & Grimm, A.-K. (2022). The effects of green consumer empowerment in advertising on corporate evaluations and purchase intention: the case of organic food. Review of Managerial Science, 16(6), 1877–1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00495-4
- Yin, D., Li, M., & Qiu, H. (2023). Do customers exhibit engagement behaviors in AI environments? The role of psychological benefits and technology readiness. Tourism Management, 97, 104745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104745
References
Aisyah, S., & Anshori, M. I. (2023). Employee motivation in facing challenges in the insurance industry with the role of creativity as a key factor: case study of Madura BPJS Employment. Journal of Business Management and Economic Development, 2(01), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v2i01.442
Alfarizi, M., & Ngatindriatun. (2022). Determination of the Intention of MSMEs Owners Using Sharia Cooperatives in Improving Indonesian Islamic Economic Empowerment. Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori Dan Terapan, 9(6), 834–849. https://doi.org/10.20473/vol9iss20226pp834-849
Barkun, A. N., & Sadri, H. (2022). COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELIGENCE-AIDED COLONOSCOPY FOR ADENOMA DETECTION IN COLORECTAL CANCER – A CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 95(6), AB263–AB264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2022.04.676
Beig, F. A., & Nika, F. A. (2019). Brand Experience and Brand Equity. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 23(4), 410–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262919860963
Ben Ameur, H., & Ben Rached, K. S. (2022). Impact of Consumer Empowerment on Satisfaction in an Online Brand Community: Mediating role of the Online Experience Toward the Brand. International Review of Management and Marketing, 12(6), 44–54. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.13776
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Chen, L., Halepoto, H., Liu, C., Kumari, N., Yan, X., Du, Q., & Memon, H. (2021). Relationship Analysis among Apparel Brand Image, Self-Congruity, and Consumers’ Purchase Intention. Sustainability, 13(22), 12770. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212770
Chen, Q., Lu, Y., Gong, Y., & Xiong, J. (2023). Can AI chatbots help retain customers? Impact of AI service quality on customer loyalty. Internet Research, 33(6), 2205–2243. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-09-2021-0686
Chieng, F., Sharma, P., Kingshott, R. P., & Roy, R. (2022). Interactive effects of self-congruity and need for uniqueness on brand loyalty via brand experience and brand attachment. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 31(6), 870–885. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-12-2020-3250
Chow, J. C. L., Wong, V., Sanders, L., & Li, K. (2023). Developing an AI-Assisted Educational Chatbot for Radiotherapy Using the IBM Watson Assistant Platform. Healthcare, 11(17), 2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172417
Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M. S., & Fayyad, S. (2022). Authenticity, Involvement, and Nostalgia in Heritage Hotels in the Era of Digital Technology: A Moderated Meditation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 5784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105784
Ferreira, P., Faria, S., & Gabriel, C. (2022). The influence of brand experience on brand equity: the mediating role of brand love in a retail fashion brand. Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 17(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2022-0001
Fong, C.-H., & Goh, Y.-N. (2021). Why brand equity is so important for private healthcare? View from an emerging market. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(4), 1198–1205. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1755811
Gómez-Suárez, M., & Veloso, M. (2020). Brand experience and brand attachment as drivers of WOM in hospitality. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 24(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2019-0106
Gonçalves, A. R., Pinto, D. C., Shuqair, S., Dalmoro, M., & Mattila, A. S. (2024). Artificial intelligence vs. autonomous decision-making in streaming platforms: A mixed-method approach. International Journal of Information Management, 76, 102748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2023.102748
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis Eighth edition. www.cengage.com/highered
Haudi, H., Handayani, W., Suyoto, Musnaini, Y. T., Praseti, T., Pitaloka, E., Wijoyo, H., Yonata, H., Koho, I. R., & Cahyono, Y. (2022). The effect of social media marketing on brand trust, brand equity and brand loyalty. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.1.015
Hess, N. J., Kelley, C. M., Scott, M. L., Mende, M., & Schumann, J. H. (2020). Getting Personal in Public!? How Consumers Respond to Public Personalized Advertising in Retail Stores. Journal of Retailing, 96(3), 344–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2019.11.005
Hsieh, S. H., Lee, C. T., & Tseng, T. H. (2022). Psychological empowerment and user satisfaction: Investigating the influences of online brand community participation. Information & Management, 59(1), 103570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103570
Jeon, H. M., & Yoo, S. R. (2021). The relationship between brand experience and consumer-based brand equity in grocerants. Service Business, 15(2), 369–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-021-00439-8
Jiang, K., Qin, M., & Li, S. (2022). Chatbots in retail: How do they affect the continued use and purchase intentions of Chinese consumers? Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 21(4), 756–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2034
Kim, R. B., & Chao, Y. (2019). Effects of brand experience, brand image and brand trust on brand building process: The case of Chinese millennial generation consumers. Journal of International Studies, 12(3), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/1
Klabi, F. (2020). Self-Image Congruity Affecting Perceived Quality and the Moderation of Brand Experience: The Case of Local and International Brands in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Global Marketing, 33(2), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2019.1614242
Korteling, J. E. (Hans)., van de Boer-Visschedijk, G. C., Blankendaal, R. A. M., Boonekamp, R. C., & Eikelboom, A. R. (2021). Human- versus Artificial Intelligence. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2021.622364
Lacassie, H. J. Q. (2022). Inteligencia artificial para anestesiólogos en el Siglo 21. Revista Chilena de Anestesia, 51(5). https://doi.org/10.25237/revchilanestv5111071034
Maduretno, R. B. E. H. P., & Junaedi, M. F. S. (2022). Exploring the Effects of Coffee Shop Brand Experience on Loyalty: The Roles of Brand Love and Brand Trust. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 24(3), 289. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.63218
Meza Jimenez, V. M., & Perez Gonzalez, E. (2022). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Latin Americas Energy Transition. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 20(11), 2404–2412. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLA.2022.9904766
Mindigulova, A. A., Vikhman, V. V., & Romm, M. V. (2023). The Use of Artificial Inteligence in Education: Opportunities, Limitations, Risks. 2023 IEEE 24th International Conference of Young Professionals in Electron Devices and Materials (EDM), 2000–2003. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDM58354.2023.10225245
Mishra, S., Malhotra, G., Chatterjee, R., & Shukla, Y. (2023). Consumer retention through phygital experience in omnichannel retailing: role of consumer empowerment and satisfaction. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 31(4), 749–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2021.1985594
Moedeen, S., Aw, E. C. X., Alryalat, M., Wei-Han Tan, G., Cham, T. H., Ooi, K. B., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Social media marketing in the digital age: empower consumers to win big? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(1), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-09-2022-0784
Mostafa, R. B., & Sobhy Temerak, M. (2024). Does consumer empowerment enhance brand page stickiness? The role of brand page experience and brand love. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 18(6), 1136–1154. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2023-0192
Muhamad, N. (2025). Kekhawatiran Masyarakat RI terhadap Penggunaan AI. Databoks.Katadata.Co.Id. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/keamanan-internet/statistik/68185e5e3d02c/ini-kekhawatiran-masyarakat-ri-terhadap-penggunaan-ai
Pu, Y., Zaidin, N., & Zhu, Y. (2023). How Do E-Brand Experience and In-Store Experience Influence the Brand Loyalty of Novel Coffee Brands in China? Exploring the Roles of Customer Satisfaction and Self–Brand Congruity. Sustainability, 15(2), 1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021096
Pufahl, L., Zerbato, F., Weber, B., & Weber, I. (2022). BPMN in healthcare: Challenges and best practices. Information Systems, 107, 102013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.is.2022.102013
Rahmawati, & Hidayati, N. (2023). Exploring Gen Z Social Media Marketing Engagement on Brand Experience, Brand Equity, and Brand Trust: The Context of Muslim Fashion. Jurnal Manajemen Teori Dan Terapan| Journal of Theory and Applied Management, 16(3), 656–670. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmtt.v16i3.48761
Rawat, R., Goyal, H. R., & Sharma, S. (2023). Artificial Narrow Intelligence Techniques in Intelligent Digital Financial Inclusion System for Digital Society. 2023 6th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCON57294.2023.10112133
Rymarz, A., Grabowska, E., Wojtala, L., Musiał, L., Możdżyńska, A., Kapłon, K., Kamińska, I., Kojder, D., & Sierpień, M. (2023). Future of cardiovascular diagnosis with the support of artificial intelligence. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 44(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.44.01.001
Salminah, S., & Kurniawati, D. (2024). Pengaruh Perceived Credibility of Consumers, dan Perceived Images of Consumers terhadap Minat Beli Produk, dengan Consumer’s Trust sebagai Variabel Mediasi: Studi pada Produk Outfit Muslim di Kota Pekanbaru. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 18(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v18i1.2974
Šegota, T., Chen, N. (Chris), & Golja, T. (2022). The Impact of Self-Congruity and Evaluation of the Place on WOM: Perspectives of Tourism Destination Residents. Journal of Travel Research, 61(4), 800–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875211008237
Shah, S. A., Shoukat, M. H., Ahmad, M. S., & Khan, B. (2024). Role of social media technologies and customer relationship management capabilities 2.0 in creating customer loyalty and university reputation. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 34(1), 344–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2021.1991072
Sirgy, M. J. (2019). Self-congruity theory in consumer behavior: A little history. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 28(2), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2018.1436981
Sohaib, M., Mlynarski, J., & Wu, R. (2022). Building Brand Equity: The Impact of Brand Experience, Brand Love, and Brand Engagement—A Case Study of Customers’ Perception of the Apple Brand in China. Sustainability, 15(1), 746. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010746
Strandberg, C. (2023). Let’s stay together – The mediating role of self-congruity and place attachment on residents’ likelihood to stay. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 87, 101989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.101989
Tajurahim, N. N. S., Abu Bakar, E., Md Jusoh, Z., Ahmad, S., & Muhammad Arif, A. M. (2020). The effect of intensity of consumer education, self‐efficacy, personality traits and social media on consumer empowerment. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 44(6), 511–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12585
Thiebes, S., Lins, S., & Sunyaev, A. (2021). Trustworthy artificial intelligence. Electronic Markets, 31(2), 447–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-020-00441-4
Usakli, A., Kucukergin, K. G., Shi, D., & Okumus, F. (2022). Does self-congruity or functional congruity better predict destination attachment? A higher-order structural model. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 23, 100686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100686
Yang, X., Weber, A., & Grimm, A.-K. (2022). The effects of green consumer empowerment in advertising on corporate evaluations and purchase intention: the case of organic food. Review of Managerial Science, 16(6), 1877–1909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00495-4
Yin, D., Li, M., & Qiu, H. (2023). Do customers exhibit engagement behaviors in AI environments? The role of psychological benefits and technology readiness. Tourism Management, 97, 104745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104745