Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of Hospital Syariah Compliance, Patient Satisfaction, and Service Quality on Patient Loyalty, with Patient Trust as a mediating variable. The background of this study is based on the importance of integrating Islamic values in healthcare services to build long-term relationships with patients, especially in sharia-based hospitals. The study was conducted at Muhammadiyah Amanah Sumpiuh Hospital involving 263 patient respondents who had received services at least twice. The method used is a quantitative approach with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis using SmartPLS-4 software. The results show that Hospital Syariah Compliance, Patient Satisfaction, and Service Quality have a significant effect on Patient Loyalty, both directly and indirectly through Patient Trust. Trust is proven to mediate the relationship between the three exogenous variables on loyalty, with full mediation on the relationship between service quality and sharia compliance on loyalty, and partial mediation on the path of satisfaction on loyalty. The conclusion of this study confirms that trust is a key element in shaping patient loyalty, especially in the context of hospitals based on Islamic values.
Keywords
Article Details
References
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- Amin, MA, & Novianti, F. (2023). The Effect of Service Quality and Brand Trust on Loyalty Through Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Outpatients at Salewangan Regional Hospital. Indonesian Health Promotion Publication Media (MPPKI) , 6 (12), 2562–2571. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i12.4223
- Annur, MA, Harianti, R., & Randika, R. (2023). Nurses' Response Time to the Level of Anxiety and Satisfaction of BPJS Patients at the Inpatient Community Health Center in Indragiri Hilir Regency. Al-Tamimi Kesmas: Journal of Public Health Sciences , 12 (1), 62–69.
- Arman, RA, Pasinringi, SA, Rivai, F., Sidin, AI, Irwandy, Saleh, LM, & Mallongi, A. (2023). The Effect of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction Toward Patient Loyalty in Special Regional Hospitals of South Sulawesi. Pharmacognosy Journal , 15 (3), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.99
- Daniawati, SF, Muhardi, M., & Harahap, DA (2022). The Effect of Health Services Marketing Mix on Patient Loyalty with Patient Trust as An Intervening Variable (Case Study at Tanjungsiang Health Center). International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences , 4 (1), 125–134. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/
- Durmuş, A., & Akbolat, M. (2020). The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Commitment and the Mediating Role of Patient Trust. Journal of Patient Experience , 7 (6), 1642–1647. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520967807
- El Dalatony, MM, Alshareef, RI, Alkahtani, AR, Alhajri, SM, Alhumaidany, TM, AlQarni, WA, Almuaddi, AM, & Aldossary, MS (2023). Patient Satisfaction as a Determinant of Patient Loyalty to the Dentist in Dental Clinics. Journal of Patient Experience , 10 . https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231166506
- Elizar, C., Indrawati, R., & Syah, TYR (2020). Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Customer Loyalty in Service of Pediatric Polyclinic Over Private H Hospital of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Affairs , 4 (2), 105–111.
- Fatima, T., Malik, S. A., & Shabbir, A. (2018). Hospital healthcare service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation in the context of private healthcare systems. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management , 35 (6), 1195–1214. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2017-0031
- Ferguson, R. J., Paulin, M., & Leiriao, E. (2006). Loyalty and positive word-of-mouth: Patients and hospital personnel as advocates of a customer-centric health care organization. Health Marketing Quarterly , 23 (3), 59–77.
- Guspianto, G., Mutmainnah, M., & Aurora, WID (2023). How can service quality, patient value, and patient satisfaction increase hospital patient loyalty? JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) , 9 (3), 1726–1736. https://doi.org/10.29210/0202312917
- Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review , 31 (1), 2–24.
- Han, H., & Hyun, S.S. (2015). Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management , 46 , 20–29.
- Harahap, MA, Siregar, N., & Ritonga, N. (2021). The Effect of Dhikr on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Pre-Operative Major Surgery Patients in the Surgical Ward. Indonesian Health Scientific Journal , 6 (1), 45–51.
- Huang, IC, Du, PL, Lin, LS, Liu, TY, Lin, TF, & Huang, WC (2021). The Effect of Perceived Value, Trust, and Commitment on Patient Loyalty in Taiwan. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing , 58 , 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211007217
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- Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., & Ang, S.H. (2018). Marketing management: an Asian perspective . Pearson.
- Lee, C. (2021). Patient loyalty to health services: The role of communication skills and cognitive trust. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 14 (4), 1254–1264. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1756111
- Lestariningsih, T., Hadiyati, E., & Astuti, R. (2018). Study of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction to Trust and Loyalty in Public Hospital, Indonesia. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) , 3 (2), 1–12. www.ijbmm.com
- Listyorini, PI (2021). Hospital Patient Loyalty: In terms of Brand Image, Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, and Trust. In Science and Technology .
- Liu, S., Li, G., Liu, N., & Hongwei, W. (2021). The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty with the Mediating Effect of Patient Trust. Inquiry (United States) , 58 . https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211007221
- Lubis, AZE, Nuraini, N., & Nasution, RS (2024). Determinants of Patient Loyalty in a Regional Hospital: The Impact of Satisfaction, Image, and Trust. Journal of Integrated Health Behavior , 3 (1), 15–29.
- Masyhudi, AM (2023). Implementing Maqashid Syariah, Sharia Hospitals Guarantee and Accompany Patients to Obtain the Right to Worship. Mukisi.Com . https://mukisi.com/3416/terapkan-maqashid-syariah-rs-syariah-jamin-dan-dampingi-pasien-dapat-hak-beribadah/
- Mat, H., Rahaman, WMAFWA, Shafie, N., & Mohamed, STS (2021). Intention to Choose Syariah Compliant Hospital: The Role of Religiosity. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) , 6 (8), 501–508. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.966
- Mellenia, J. (2024). The influence of service quality, communication, brand trust, and patient trust in doctors on patient loyalty mediated by patient satisfaction at Hermina Arcamanik Hospital .
- Melmambessy, D., & Tuhumena, R. (2024). The Mediating Role of Satisfaction, Image, and Trust in the Impact of Service Quality on Loyalty. International Journal of Social Science and Business , 8 (3), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v8i3.82810
- Oliver, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research , 17 (4), 460–469.
- Othman, A., & Owen, L. (2001). The multi-dimensionality of Carter Model to measure customer service quality (SQ) in Islamic banking industry: a study in Kuwait finance house. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services , 3 (4), 1–12.
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perc. Journal of Retailing , 64 (1), 12.
- Parengkuan, BA, Bernardo, I., Wuisan, DSS, Palupi, YC, & Tahulending, JMF (2024). Factors associated with patient satisfaction and behavioral intention by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Holistic Health Journal , 18 (3), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i3.139
- Purba, L., Halim, EH, & Widayatsari, A. (2021). The Influence of Service Quality, Trust on Outpatient Satisfaction and Loyalty at the Neurosurgery Polyclinic of Dr. Doris Sylvanus Regional Hospital, Palangkaraya. KIAT Economic Journal , 32 (2).
- Putra, BAPW, Rochman, F., & Noermijati, N. (2017). The effect of trust, risk, and web design on consumer intention by means of consumer attitude towards purchasing online. Journal of Management Applications , 15 (3), 472–479.
- Rahman, MK, Zailani, S., & Musa, G. (2018). Tourists' satisfaction and loyalty intention at Shariah compliant private hospitals in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism Sciences , 18 (4), 295–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2018.1555605
- Rahmani, Z., Ranjbar, M., Nadi Gara, A.A., & Heidari gorji, M.A. (2017). The study of the relationship between value creation and customer loyalty with the role of trust moderation and customer satisfaction in Sari hospitals. Electronic Physician , 9 (6), 4474–4478. https://doi.org/10.19082/4474
- Rashid, E. W., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Service quality in health care settings. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance , 22 (5), 471–482.
- Ridhwan, Fitri, LE, & Hidayat, R. (2019). The Relationship of Service Quality, Trust, and Satisfaction of Muslim Patients in Arafah Islamic Hospital Jambi with Islamic Economic Approach. JEBI (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam) , 4 (2).
- Santoso, E., & Ibrahim, R. (2022). The Effect of Sharia Compliance, Service Quality, Customer Trust, and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty of Islamic Rural Bank Customers in Indonesia. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP) , 3 (2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2022.3.2.218
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- Shariff, & Rahman. (2016). Shari'ah Compliant Hospital; From Concept to Reality: A Malaysian Experience. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science , 15 (1).
- Sofia, T. A. (2023). The Effect of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty Mediated by Patient Trust and Hospital Brand Image at The Jakarta Education Dental and Oral Hospital. Journal of Social Research , 2 . http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
- Sugiharto, AD, Hidayat, S., & Rosyidah, R. (2023). The Influence of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction on Loyalty: An Analysis of a Primary Health Facility (FKTP) in the National Health Insurance (JKN) Program. An-Nadaa Journal of Public Health , 10 (2), 118. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v10i2.10455
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- Sumaedi, S., Bakti, IGMY, Rakhmawati, T., Astrini, NJ, Yarmen, M., & Widianti, T. (2015). Patient loyalty model: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective (A case study in Bogor, Indonesia). Leadership in Health Services , 28 (3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-03-2014-0021
- Susilawati, I., & Adi, PH (2022). Trust Moderates Islamic Service Quality on Customer Loyalty at Herbal Medicine Clinics in Ponorogo. Scientific Journal of Islamic Economics , 8 (1), 1063–1071. http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jie
- Syafaat, AK, Hamoode, QAK, & Muwahid. (2023). Implementation of Shariah Hospital Management Fatwa and Good Corporate Governance Principles: Another Fact from Shariah Hospital. Jurnal Hukum Islam , 21 , 159–167. https://e-journal.uingusdur.ac.id/index.php/jhi/index
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References
Akanyako, J. (2024). Do Patient Satisfaction and Trust Matter in the Relationship between Service Quality and Patient Loyalty in the Ghanaian Health Sector? African Journal of Empirical Research , 5 (2), 662–675. https://ajernet.net
Alfarizi, M., & Arifian, R. (2023). Patient satisfaction with Indonesian Sharia hospital services: Halal healthcare tool and implications for loyalty-WoM. Asian Journal of Islamic Management (AJIM) , 5 (1), 18–35. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/AJIM.vol5.iss1.art2
Aljumah, A., Nuseir, M.T., & Islam, A. (2020). Impacts of Service Quality, Satisfaction and Trust on the Loyalty of Foreign Patients in Malaysian Medical Tourism. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change , 11 (2), 451–467. www.ijicc.net
Amin, MA, & Novianti, F. (2023). The Effect of Service Quality and Brand Trust on Loyalty Through Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Outpatients at Salewangan Regional Hospital. Indonesian Health Promotion Publication Media (MPPKI) , 6 (12), 2562–2571. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i12.4223
Annur, MA, Harianti, R., & Randika, R. (2023). Nurses' Response Time to the Level of Anxiety and Satisfaction of BPJS Patients at the Inpatient Community Health Center in Indragiri Hilir Regency. Al-Tamimi Kesmas: Journal of Public Health Sciences , 12 (1), 62–69.
Arman, RA, Pasinringi, SA, Rivai, F., Sidin, AI, Irwandy, Saleh, LM, & Mallongi, A. (2023). The Effect of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction Toward Patient Loyalty in Special Regional Hospitals of South Sulawesi. Pharmacognosy Journal , 15 (3), 443–449. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2023.15.99
Daniawati, SF, Muhardi, M., & Harahap, DA (2022). The Effect of Health Services Marketing Mix on Patient Loyalty with Patient Trust as An Intervening Variable (Case Study at Tanjungsiang Health Center). International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Sciences , 4 (1), 125–134. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/
Durmuş, A., & Akbolat, M. (2020). The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Commitment and the Mediating Role of Patient Trust. Journal of Patient Experience , 7 (6), 1642–1647. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520967807
El Dalatony, MM, Alshareef, RI, Alkahtani, AR, Alhajri, SM, Alhumaidany, TM, AlQarni, WA, Almuaddi, AM, & Aldossary, MS (2023). Patient Satisfaction as a Determinant of Patient Loyalty to the Dentist in Dental Clinics. Journal of Patient Experience , 10 . https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231166506
Elizar, C., Indrawati, R., & Syah, TYR (2020). Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Trust, and Customer Loyalty in Service of Pediatric Polyclinic Over Private H Hospital of East Jakarta, Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Affairs , 4 (2), 105–111.
Fatima, T., Malik, S. A., & Shabbir, A. (2018). Hospital healthcare service quality, patient satisfaction and loyalty: An investigation in the context of private healthcare systems. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management , 35 (6), 1195–1214. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2017-0031
Ferguson, R. J., Paulin, M., & Leiriao, E. (2006). Loyalty and positive word-of-mouth: Patients and hospital personnel as advocates of a customer-centric health care organization. Health Marketing Quarterly , 23 (3), 59–77.
Guspianto, G., Mutmainnah, M., & Aurora, WID (2023). How can service quality, patient value, and patient satisfaction increase hospital patient loyalty? JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) , 9 (3), 1726–1736. https://doi.org/10.29210/0202312917
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C.M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review , 31 (1), 2–24.
Han, H., & Hyun, S.S. (2015). Customer retention in the medical tourism industry: Impact of quality, satisfaction, trust, and price reasonableness. Tourism Management , 46 , 20–29.
Harahap, MA, Siregar, N., & Ritonga, N. (2021). The Effect of Dhikr on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Pre-Operative Major Surgery Patients in the Surgical Ward. Indonesian Health Scientific Journal , 6 (1), 45–51.
Huang, IC, Du, PL, Lin, LS, Liu, TY, Lin, TF, & Huang, WC (2021). The Effect of Perceived Value, Trust, and Commitment on Patient Loyalty in Taiwan. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing , 58 , 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211007217
Ismail, SA, Hamid, B., Sulistiadi, W., & Sagiran. (2018). Journey to Shariah Hospital: An Indonesian Experience. The 2nd International Conference on Hospital Administration , 4 (9), 315–328. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v4i9.3582
Jamaludin, FIC, Abdullah, MRTL, Endut, MNAA, Saifuddeen, SM, Hamimi, KA, & Harun, S. (2025). Developing a Shariah-compliant medical services framework in Malaysia: an expert system approach using fuzzy Delphi method and interpretive structural modeling. BMJ Open , 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082263
Kalhor, R., Khosravizadeh, O., Kiaei, M. Z., Shahsavari, S., & Badrlo, M. (2021). Role of service quality, trust and loyalty in building patient-based brand equity: Modeling for public hospitals. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 14 (4), 1389–1396. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1762053
Kazi, A. K., Ali, S. M. F., Sarim, A., Rehan, N., Shah, I. A., Sharif, M. U., & Bashir, V. (2024). Factors Influencing Patient Loyalty: Trust, Empathy, and Service Quality in Private Healthcare. Archives of Management and Social Sciences , 1 (3), 85–99.
Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., & Ang, S.H. (2018). Marketing management: an Asian perspective . Pearson.
Lee, C. (2021). Patient loyalty to health services: The role of communication skills and cognitive trust. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 14 (4), 1254–1264. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1756111
Lestariningsih, T., Hadiyati, E., & Astuti, R. (2018). Study of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction to Trust and Loyalty in Public Hospital, Indonesia. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM) , 3 (2), 1–12. www.ijbmm.com
Listyorini, PI (2021). Hospital Patient Loyalty: In terms of Brand Image, Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction, and Trust. In Science and Technology .
Liu, S., Li, G., Liu, N., & Hongwei, W. (2021). The Impact of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty with the Mediating Effect of Patient Trust. Inquiry (United States) , 58 . https://doi.org/10.1177/00469580211007221
Lubis, AZE, Nuraini, N., & Nasution, RS (2024). Determinants of Patient Loyalty in a Regional Hospital: The Impact of Satisfaction, Image, and Trust. Journal of Integrated Health Behavior , 3 (1), 15–29.
Masyhudi, AM (2023). Implementing Maqashid Syariah, Sharia Hospitals Guarantee and Accompany Patients to Obtain the Right to Worship. Mukisi.Com . https://mukisi.com/3416/terapkan-maqashid-syariah-rs-syariah-jamin-dan-dampingi-pasien-dapat-hak-beribadah/
Mat, H., Rahaman, WMAFWA, Shafie, N., & Mohamed, STS (2021). Intention to Choose Syariah Compliant Hospital: The Role of Religiosity. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) , 6 (8), 501–508. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.966
Mellenia, J. (2024). The influence of service quality, communication, brand trust, and patient trust in doctors on patient loyalty mediated by patient satisfaction at Hermina Arcamanik Hospital .
Melmambessy, D., & Tuhumena, R. (2024). The Mediating Role of Satisfaction, Image, and Trust in the Impact of Service Quality on Loyalty. International Journal of Social Science and Business , 8 (3), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v8i3.82810
Oliver, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research , 17 (4), 460–469.
Othman, A., & Owen, L. (2001). The multi-dimensionality of Carter Model to measure customer service quality (SQ) in Islamic banking industry: a study in Kuwait finance house. International Journal of Islamic Financial Services , 3 (4), 1–12.
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). Servqual: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perc. Journal of Retailing , 64 (1), 12.
Parengkuan, BA, Bernardo, I., Wuisan, DSS, Palupi, YC, & Tahulending, JMF (2024). Factors associated with patient satisfaction and behavioral intention by using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Holistic Health Journal , 18 (3), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i3.139
Purba, L., Halim, EH, & Widayatsari, A. (2021). The Influence of Service Quality, Trust on Outpatient Satisfaction and Loyalty at the Neurosurgery Polyclinic of Dr. Doris Sylvanus Regional Hospital, Palangkaraya. KIAT Economic Journal , 32 (2).
Putra, BAPW, Rochman, F., & Noermijati, N. (2017). The effect of trust, risk, and web design on consumer intention by means of consumer attitude towards purchasing online. Journal of Management Applications , 15 (3), 472–479.
Rahman, MK, Zailani, S., & Musa, G. (2018). Tourists' satisfaction and loyalty intention at Shariah compliant private hospitals in Malaysia. International Journal of Tourism Sciences , 18 (4), 295–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2018.1555605
Rahmani, Z., Ranjbar, M., Nadi Gara, A.A., & Heidari gorji, M.A. (2017). The study of the relationship between value creation and customer loyalty with the role of trust moderation and customer satisfaction in Sari hospitals. Electronic Physician , 9 (6), 4474–4478. https://doi.org/10.19082/4474
Rashid, E. W., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Service quality in health care settings. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance , 22 (5), 471–482.
Ridhwan, Fitri, LE, & Hidayat, R. (2019). The Relationship of Service Quality, Trust, and Satisfaction of Muslim Patients in Arafah Islamic Hospital Jambi with Islamic Economic Approach. JEBI (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam) , 4 (2).
Santoso, E., & Ibrahim, R. (2022). The Effect of Sharia Compliance, Service Quality, Customer Trust, and Customer Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty of Islamic Rural Bank Customers in Indonesia. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP) , 3 (2), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2022.3.2.218
Setyawan, FEB, Supriyanto, S., Ernawaty, E., & Lestari, R. (2020). Understanding patient satisfaction and loyalty in public and private primary health care. Journal of Public Health Research , 9 (2), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1823
Setyawati, & Berlianto, MP (2022). Enrichment: Journal of Management The Service Quality, Patient Satisfaction And It's Impact To Patient Loyalty at X Hospital. Enrichment: Journal of Management , 12 (4), 2572–2581.
Shariff, & Rahman. (2016). Shari'ah Compliant Hospital; From Concept to Reality: A Malaysian Experience. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science , 15 (1).
Sofia, T. A. (2023). The Effect of Patient Satisfaction on Patient Loyalty Mediated by Patient Trust and Hospital Brand Image at The Jakarta Education Dental and Oral Hospital. Journal of Social Research , 2 . http://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr
Sugiharto, AD, Hidayat, S., & Rosyidah, R. (2023). The Influence of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction on Loyalty: An Analysis of a Primary Health Facility (FKTP) in the National Health Insurance (JKN) Program. An-Nadaa Journal of Public Health , 10 (2), 118. https://doi.org/10.31602/ann.v10i2.10455
Sugiyono. (2015). Mixed Methods Research Methods . Alfabeta.
Sumaedi, S., Bakti, IGMY, Rakhmawati, T., Astrini, NJ, Yarmen, M., & Widianti, T. (2015). Patient loyalty model: An extended theory of planned behavior perspective (A case study in Bogor, Indonesia). Leadership in Health Services , 28 (3), 245–258. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHS-03-2014-0021
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