Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic influence of hospital service technology and service quality on patient experience, and how this experience subsequently affects revisit intention. Drawing on data from 195 patients across one public and four private hospitals in Tangerang, Banten Province, the research employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test a conceptual framework integrating technological and human-centric service dimensions. Results indicate that both hospital service technology and service quality significantly enhance patient experience, which in turn strongly influences revisit intention. The mediating role of patient experience is also confirmed, with indirect effects showing that improvements in both technology and service quality translate into greater patient loyalty through enhanced experiential outcomes. These findings suggest aligning technological advancements with fundamental service excellence to foster long-term patient relationships. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, highlighting strategies for healthcare providers aiming to improve patient retention and institutional reputation in an increasingly competitive environment.
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References
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- Astier, A., Carlet, J., Hoppe-Tichy, T., Jacklin, A., Jeanes, A., McManus, S., Pletz, M. W., Seifert, H., & Fitzpatrick, R. (2020). What is the role of technology in improving patient safety? A French, German and UK healthcare professional perspective. In Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management (Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 219–224). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516043520975661
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- Canali, S., Schiaffonati, V., & Aliverti, A. (2022). Challenges and recommendations for wearable devices in digital health: Data quality, interoperability, health equity, fairness. In PLOS Digital Health (Vol. 1, Issue 10). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000104
- Canfell, O. J., Woods, L., Meshkat, Y., Krivit, J., Gunashanhar, B., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., & Sullivan, C. (2024). The Impact of Digital Hospitals on Patient and Clinician Experience: Systematic Review and Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/47715
- Chin, Thatcher, & Wright. (2012). Assessing Common Method Bias: Problems with the ULMC Technique. MIS Quarterly, 36(3), 1003. https://doi.org/10.2307/41703491
- Collinson, S., Ingram-Walpole, S., Jackson, C., Soliman, A., Chan, A. K. C., Tholouli, E., Balata, H., Merchant, M., Kirkby, K. J., Sweeney, S., Blackhall, F., Bashall, T., Searle, E., Pan, S., Braun, M., Kitchen, G. B., Moore, J. A., Merchant, Z., & Wilson, A. J. (2025). Patient Experiences of Using Wearable Health Monitors During Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study. Clinical Oncology, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2024.10.036
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- Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
- Islam, S. B., Bhat, S. A., Darzi, M. A., & Khursheed, S. O. (2024). Investigating patient revisit intention in community health centres: a mediational study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-11-2023-0102
- Keelson, S. A., Addo, J. O., & Amoah, J. (2024). The impact of patient engagement on service quality and customer well-being: an introspective analysis from the healthcare providers’ perspective. Cogent Public Health, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/27707571.2024.2340157
- Kock, N. (2021). Harman’s single factor test in PLS-SEM: Checking for common method bias. In Data Analysis Perspectives Journal (Vol. 2, Issue 2). https://www.scriptwarp.com,
- Lakin, K., & Kane, S. (2022). Peoples’ expectations of healthcare: A conceptual review and proposed analytical framework. In Social Science and Medicine (Vol. 292). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114636
- Lee, A. T., Ramasamy, R. K., & Subbarao, A. (2025). Understanding Psychosocial Barriers to Healthcare Technology Adoption: A Review of TAM Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and UTAUT Frameworks. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 3). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030250
- Liu, S., Hu, Y., Lu, C., Li, D., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Identifying patient perceived values during outpatient encounters: an empirical study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09817-6
- Liu, S., Hu, Y., Pfaff, H., Feng, X., Xie, J., Zhang, Z., & Li, D. (2024). Evaluating perceived value and expected value gaps based on patient experience during outpatient encounters: An empirical study in China. Heliyon, 10(18). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37766
- Marzban, S., Najafi, M., Agolli, A., & Ashrafi, E. (2022). Impact of Patient Engagement on Healthcare Quality: A Scoping Review. Journal of Patient Experience, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735221125439
- Mohammed Alhussin, E., Mohamed, S. A., Hassan, A. A., Al-Qudimat, A. R., Doaib, A. M., al jonidy, R. M., al harbi, L. I., & Alhawsawy, E. D. (2024). Patients’ satisfaction with the quality of nursing care: A cross-section study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100690
- Nguyen, N. X., Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. A. (2021). Impact of service quality on in-patients’ satisfaction, perceived value, and customer loyalty: A mixed-methods study from a developing country. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 2523–2538. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S333586
- Oben, P. (2020). Understanding the Patient Experience: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(6), 906–910. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520951672
- Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V., Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Jorunal of Retailing, 64(September 2014), 12–40.
- Pighin, M., Alvarez-Risco, A., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., Rojas-Osorio, M., & Yáñez, J. A. (2022). Factors of the Revisit Intention of Patients in the Primary Health Care System in Argentina. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013021
- Quigley, D. D., Reynolds, K., Dellva, S., & Price, R. A. (2021). Examining the Business Case for Patient Experience: A Systematic Review. In Journal of Healthcare Management (Vol. 66, Issue 3, pp. 200–224). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-20-00207
- Sikander, S., Biswas, P., & Kulkarni, P. (2023). Recent advancements in telemedicine: Surgical, diagnostic and consultation devices. Biomedical Engineering Advances, 6, 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bea.2023.100096
- Sinha, R. (2024). The role and impact of new technologies on healthcare systems. Discover Health Systems, 3(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44250-024-00163-w
- Sofianos, C. (2023). Factors affecting patient satisfaction at a plastic surgery outpatient department at a tertiary centre in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10050-4
- Swain, S., & Kar, N. C. (2018). Hospital service quality as antecedent of patient satisfaction – a conceptual framework. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 12(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-06-2016-0028
- Syah, T. Y. R., & Suyitno, E. (2025). How to create patients revisit intention? A study on private hospitals in Indonesia. Innovative Marketing, 21(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.21(1).2025.07
- Valencia-Arias, A., Gallegos, A., Aliaga Bravo, V. D. C., Victoria Mori, F. L., Uribe-Bedoya, H., & Palacios-Moya, L. (2024). Understanding telemedicine adoption: evidence, gaps, and future perspectives for sustainable healthcare. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2306712
- von Bosse, A., König, P., & Jansen, E. (2025). Couple dynamics and interaction needs with healthcare professionals in long-term neurological rehabilitation: A hermeneutic qualitative study. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100530
- Zarei, E., Daneshkohan, A., Pouragha, B., Marzban, S., & Arab, M. (2015). An empirical study of the impact of service quality on patient satisfaction in private hospitals, Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p1
- Zondag, A. G. M., Rozestraten, R., Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., Jongsma, K. R., van Solinge, W. W., Bots, M. L., Vernooij, R. W. M., & Haitjema, S. (2024). The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Patient-Physician Trust: Cross-Sectional Vignette Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26. https://doi.org/10.2196/50853
References
Al-Assaf, K., Bahroun, Z., & Ahmed, V. (2024). Transforming Service Quality in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Healthcare 4.0 and Its Impact on Healthcare Service Quality. In Informatics (Vol. 11, Issue 4). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics11040096
Alowais, S. A., Alghamdi, S. S., Alsuhebany, N., Alqahtani, T., Alshaya, A. I., Almohareb, S. N., Aldairem, A., Alrashed, M., Bin Saleh, K., Badreldin, H. A., Al Yami, M. S., Al Harbi, S., & Albekairy, A. M. (2023). Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. In BMC Medical Education (Vol. 23, Issue 1). BioMed Central Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z
Alsyouf, A., Lutfi, A., Alsubahi, N., Alhazmi, F. N., Al-Mugheed, K., Anshasi, R. J., Alharbi, N. I., & Albugami, M. (2023). The Use of a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Predict Patients’ Usage of a Personal Health Record System: The Role of Security, Privacy, and Usability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021347
Astier, A., Carlet, J., Hoppe-Tichy, T., Jacklin, A., Jeanes, A., McManus, S., Pletz, M. W., Seifert, H., & Fitzpatrick, R. (2020). What is the role of technology in improving patient safety? A French, German and UK healthcare professional perspective. In Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management (Vol. 25, Issue 6, pp. 219–224). SAGE Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516043520975661
Butt, M.M., Run, E. C. de. (2010). Private healthcare quality: applying a SERVQUAL model. Journal Health Care Quality, 23(658–673). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ 09526861011071580
Canali, S., Schiaffonati, V., & Aliverti, A. (2022). Challenges and recommendations for wearable devices in digital health: Data quality, interoperability, health equity, fairness. In PLOS Digital Health (Vol. 1, Issue 10). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000104
Canfell, O. J., Woods, L., Meshkat, Y., Krivit, J., Gunashanhar, B., Slade, C., Burton-Jones, A., & Sullivan, C. (2024). The Impact of Digital Hospitals on Patient and Clinician Experience: Systematic Review and Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.2196/47715
Chin, Thatcher, & Wright. (2012). Assessing Common Method Bias: Problems with the ULMC Technique. MIS Quarterly, 36(3), 1003. https://doi.org/10.2307/41703491
Collinson, S., Ingram-Walpole, S., Jackson, C., Soliman, A., Chan, A. K. C., Tholouli, E., Balata, H., Merchant, M., Kirkby, K. J., Sweeney, S., Blackhall, F., Bashall, T., Searle, E., Pan, S., Braun, M., Kitchen, G. B., Moore, J. A., Merchant, Z., & Wilson, A. J. (2025). Patient Experiences of Using Wearable Health Monitors During Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study. Clinical Oncology, 37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clon.2024.10.036
Dodson, P., Haase, A. M., Jeffreys, M., & Hales, C. (2024). Capturing patient experiences of care with digital technology to improve service delivery and quality of care: A scoping review. In Digital Health (Vol. 10). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076241282900
Endeshaw, B. (2021). Healthcare service quality-measurement models: a review. In Journal of Health Research (Vol. 35, Issue 2, pp. 106–117). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHR-07-2019-0152
Ezeamii, V. C., Okobi, O. E., Wambai-Sani, H., Perera, G. S., Zaynieva, S., Okonkwo, C. C., Ohaiba, M. M., William-Enemali, P. C., Obodo, O. R., & Obiefuna, N. G. (2024). Revolutionizing Healthcare: How Telemedicine Is Improving Patient Outcomes and Expanding Access to Care. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.63881
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021a). Evaluation of Reflective Measurement Models (pp. 75–90). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_4
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021b). Evaluation of the Structural Model (pp. 115–138). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_6
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Islam, S. B., Bhat, S. A., Darzi, M. A., & Khursheed, S. O. (2024). Investigating patient revisit intention in community health centres: a mediational study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-11-2023-0102
Keelson, S. A., Addo, J. O., & Amoah, J. (2024). The impact of patient engagement on service quality and customer well-being: an introspective analysis from the healthcare providers’ perspective. Cogent Public Health, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/27707571.2024.2340157
Kock, N. (2021). Harman’s single factor test in PLS-SEM: Checking for common method bias. In Data Analysis Perspectives Journal (Vol. 2, Issue 2). https://www.scriptwarp.com,
Lakin, K., & Kane, S. (2022). Peoples’ expectations of healthcare: A conceptual review and proposed analytical framework. In Social Science and Medicine (Vol. 292). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114636
Lee, A. T., Ramasamy, R. K., & Subbarao, A. (2025). Understanding Psychosocial Barriers to Healthcare Technology Adoption: A Review of TAM Technology Acceptance Model and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and UTAUT Frameworks. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 3). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030250
Liu, S., Hu, Y., Lu, C., Li, D., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Identifying patient perceived values during outpatient encounters: an empirical study from Chinese public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09817-6
Liu, S., Hu, Y., Pfaff, H., Feng, X., Xie, J., Zhang, Z., & Li, D. (2024). Evaluating perceived value and expected value gaps based on patient experience during outpatient encounters: An empirical study in China. Heliyon, 10(18). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37766
Marzban, S., Najafi, M., Agolli, A., & Ashrafi, E. (2022). Impact of Patient Engagement on Healthcare Quality: A Scoping Review. Journal of Patient Experience, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735221125439
Mohammed Alhussin, E., Mohamed, S. A., Hassan, A. A., Al-Qudimat, A. R., Doaib, A. M., al jonidy, R. M., al harbi, L. I., & Alhawsawy, E. D. (2024). Patients’ satisfaction with the quality of nursing care: A cross-section study. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100690
Nguyen, N. X., Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. A. (2021). Impact of service quality on in-patients’ satisfaction, perceived value, and customer loyalty: A mixed-methods study from a developing country. Patient Preference and Adherence, 15, 2523–2538. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S333586
Oben, P. (2020). Understanding the Patient Experience: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Patient Experience, 7(6), 906–910. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373520951672
Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V., Berry, L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Jorunal of Retailing, 64(September 2014), 12–40.
Pighin, M., Alvarez-Risco, A., Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S., Rojas-Osorio, M., & Yáñez, J. A. (2022). Factors of the Revisit Intention of Patients in the Primary Health Care System in Argentina. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013021
Quigley, D. D., Reynolds, K., Dellva, S., & Price, R. A. (2021). Examining the Business Case for Patient Experience: A Systematic Review. In Journal of Healthcare Management (Vol. 66, Issue 3, pp. 200–224). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHM-D-20-00207
Sikander, S., Biswas, P., & Kulkarni, P. (2023). Recent advancements in telemedicine: Surgical, diagnostic and consultation devices. Biomedical Engineering Advances, 6, 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bea.2023.100096
Sinha, R. (2024). The role and impact of new technologies on healthcare systems. Discover Health Systems, 3(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44250-024-00163-w
Sofianos, C. (2023). Factors affecting patient satisfaction at a plastic surgery outpatient department at a tertiary centre in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10050-4
Swain, S., & Kar, N. C. (2018). Hospital service quality as antecedent of patient satisfaction – a conceptual framework. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 12(3), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPHM-06-2016-0028
Syah, T. Y. R., & Suyitno, E. (2025). How to create patients revisit intention? A study on private hospitals in Indonesia. Innovative Marketing, 21(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.21(1).2025.07
Valencia-Arias, A., Gallegos, A., Aliaga Bravo, V. D. C., Victoria Mori, F. L., Uribe-Bedoya, H., & Palacios-Moya, L. (2024). Understanding telemedicine adoption: evidence, gaps, and future perspectives for sustainable healthcare. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2306712
von Bosse, A., König, P., & Jansen, E. (2025). Couple dynamics and interaction needs with healthcare professionals in long-term neurological rehabilitation: A hermeneutic qualitative study. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100530
Zarei, E., Daneshkohan, A., Pouragha, B., Marzban, S., & Arab, M. (2015). An empirical study of the impact of service quality on patient satisfaction in private hospitals, Iran. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n1p1
Zondag, A. G. M., Rozestraten, R., Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., Jongsma, K. R., van Solinge, W. W., Bots, M. L., Vernooij, R. W. M., & Haitjema, S. (2024). The Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Patient-Physician Trust: Cross-Sectional Vignette Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26. https://doi.org/10.2196/50853