Main Article Content
Abstract
In contemporary digital markets, cultivating sustained customer loyalty and shaping purchasing decisions present significant strategic challenges for companies. This study investigates the impact of digital marketing on consumer decisions and loyalty in the financing industry in Indonesia, comparing the mediating mechanisms of brand engagement (affective pathway) and consumer trust (cognitive path). Using an explanatory quantitative approach on 265 respondents selected through purposive sampling, the data were analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that digital marketing significantly influences consumer decisions and loyalty, with brand engagement acting as a partial mediator, while consumer trust does not mediate significantly, uncovering a "trust paradox" in the context of the financing industry. This study makes an original contribution by introducing a dual-pathway model that distinguishes between affective and cognitive mediation mechanisms, and by highlighting the practical implication that relational strategies grounded in emotional attachment are more effective than transactional trust-based approaches in fostering sustainable loyalty.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
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- Aji, K. B., Dwi, B., & Nastiti, H. (2021). Analisis pengaruh digital marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian Grabfood di Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk. Journal of Sustainable Community, 3(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v3i2.44
- Al-Dmour, R., Alkhatib, O. H., Al-Dmour, H., & Basheer Amin, E. (2023). The influence of social marketing drives on brand loyalty via the customer satisfaction as a mediating factor in travel and Tourism Offices. SAGE Open, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231181433
- Appiah, T., & Agblewornu, V. V. (2025). The interplay of perceived benefit, perceived risk, and trust in Fintech adoption: Insights from Sub-Saharan Africa. Heliyon, 11(2), e41992. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2025.E41992
- Barijan, D., Ariningsih, E. P., & Rahmawati, F. (2021). The Influence of brand trust, brand familiarity, and brand experience on brand attachments. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 3(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2021.3.1.7440
- Centeno, D., & Mandagi, D. (2022). Destination brand gestalt and its effects on brand attachment and brand loyalty. Philippine Management Review, 29(1), 1-24.
- Ebrahim, R. S. (2020). The Role of trust in understanding the Impact of social media marketing on brand equity and brand loyalty. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2019.1705742
- Enshassi, M., Nathan, R. J., Soekmawati, & Ismail, H. (2025). Unveiling barriers and drivers of AI adoption for digital marketing in Malaysian SMEs. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(2), 100519. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOITMC.2025.100519
- Faruk, M., Rahman, M., & Hasan, S. (2021). How digital marketing evolved over time: A bibliometric analysis on Scopus database. Heliyon, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08603
- Firoozzare, A., Boccia, F., Yousefian, N., Ghazanfari, S., & Pakook, S. (2024). Understanding the role of awareness and trust in consumer purchase decisions for healthy food and products. Food Quality and Preference, 121, 105275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODQUAL.2024.105275
- Gensler, S., & Rangaswamy, A. (2025). An emerging future for digital marketing: From products and services to sequenced solutions. Journal of Business Research, 190, 115230. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2025.115230
- Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Advanced issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Sage.
- Hanaysha, J. R. (2022). Impact of social media marketing features on consumer’s purchase decision in the fast-food industry: Brand trust as a mediator. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100102
- Hasan, M., & Sohail, M. S. (2021). The influence of social media marketing on consumers’ purchase decision: investigating the effects of local and nonlocal brands. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2020.1795043
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- Japutra, A., Ekinci, Y., & Simkin, L. (2022). Discovering the dark side of brand attachment: Impulsive buying, obsessive-compulsive buying and trash talking. Journal of Business Research, 145, 442–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.03.020
- Kainde, S. J., & Mandagi, D. W. (2023). From likes to loyalty: the interplay of social media marketing in shaping education institution brand attitude and loyalty. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 465–475.
- Klein, A., & Sharma, V. M. (2022). Consumer decision-making styles, involvement, and the intention to participate in online group buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102808
- Latif, A. S., Wibowo, T. S., Nurdiani, T. W., Alimin, E., & Suharyat, Y. (2023). Increasing consumer loyalty through service quality and consumer satisfaction in the digital era. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v7i2.9060
- Lita, R. P., & Meuthia. (2023). Mediating role of consumer trust in local food restaurants on the relationship between social media marketing and consumer purchase intention in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v16i1.15513
- Mandagi, D. W., Soewignyo, T., Kelejan, D. F., & Walone, D. C. (2024). From a hidden gem to a tourist spot: Examining brand gestalt, tourist attitude, satisfaction and loyalty in Bitung city. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 11(3-4), 564-590
- Mashrur, S. M., & Mohamed, M. (2025). Uncovering factors affecting consumers’ decisions for pre-owned electric vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 139, 104555. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2024.104555
- Mohammad, A. (2022). The impact of digital marketing success on customer loyalty. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 3, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-09
- Moslehpour, M., Ismail, T., Purba, B., & Wong, W. K. (2022). What makes go-jek go in indonesia? The influences of social media marketing activities on purchase intention. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 17(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17010005
- Ole, H. C., Sakka, E. W., & Mandagi, D. W. (2025). Perceived Quality, Brand Trust, Image, and Loyalty as Key Drivers of Fast Food Brand Equity. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 5(1), 99–124.
- Philander, K. S., & Wimmer, B. S. (2025). Playing by the rules: Government regulation and consumer trust in the online poker industry. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 17, 100599. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHBR.2025.100599
- Pop, R. A., Săplăcan, Z., Dabija, D. C., & Alt, M. A. (2022). The impact of social media influencers on travel decisions: the role of trust in the consumer decision journey. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(5), 823–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1895729
- Queenditya, S. C., Lovely, L. B., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Linking Social Media Marketing and Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Brand Gestalt. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 4(1), 17–34.
- Rangaswamy, A., Moch, N., Felten, C., Bruggen, G. van, Wieringa, J. E., & Wirtz, J. (2020). The role of marketing in digital business platforms. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 51, 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.006
- Rondonuwu, B. F., & Mandagi, D. W. (2023). Brand gestalt as a key determinant of tourist satisfaction and loyalty: Empirical study of super-priority destination Likupang. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 452-464.
- Ruiz, M. J. S., Jiménez Calderón, C. E., Osorio Venecia, A. R., Santodomingo, A. A., & Forero, M. P. (2025). Bibliometric behavior of artificial intelligence and digital marketing sustainability. Procedia Computer Science, 257, 1047–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2025.03.136
- Sijabat, L., Rantung, D. I., & Mandagi, D. W. (2022). The role of social media influencers in shaping customer brand engagement and brand perception. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 9(2), 280-288.
- Solomon, M. R. (2019). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (12th ed.). Pearson.
- Song, Y., Li, G., Li, T., &, & Li, Y. (2021). A purchase decision support model considering consumer personalization about aspirations and risk attitudes. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102728
- Srisusilawati, P., Burhanudin, J., Trenggana, A. M., Anto, M. A., Kusuma, G. E., Rahmasari, L. F., ..., & Hadi, P. (2023). Loyalitas pelanggan. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
- Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Alfabeta.
- Sun, H., Dai, Y. Y., Jeon, S. S., Lee, R., Wang, H., Shi, X., Sun, L., & Wang, Y. (2024). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment, brand loyalty, willingness to pay more, and forgiveness - For Chinese consumers of Korean cosmetic brands -. Heliyon, 10(16), e36030. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E36030
- Sun, H., Dai, Y.-Y., Jeon, S.-S., Lee, R., Wang, H., Shi, X., ..., & Wang, Y. (2024). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment, brand loyalty, willingness to pay more, and forgiveness – For Chinese consumers of Korean cosmetic brands. Heliyon, 10(16). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36030
- Sundström, M., & Lidholm, S. H. (2020). Re-positioning customer loyalty in a fast moving consumer goods market. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 28(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.09.004
- Tumober, N. C., Langelo, C. G., Rantung, D. I., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Brand harmony: Exploring how destination brand gestalt influences tourist attitudes, satisfaction, and loyalty. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(02), 404–421.
- Ugalde, C., & Küster, I. (2024). Brand attachment: The moderating effect of high and low involvement products. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.9.2.185-205
- Walean, R. H., Gerungan, C. A., & Mandagi, D. W. (2025). The Triple Play: Social Media Marketing, Brand Trust, and Smartphone Purchase Decisions in Emerging Market. International Review of Management and Marketing, 15(6), 287.
- Walean, R. H., Pongoh, H., & Mandagi, D. (2024). Integrating brand gestalt and customer loyalty in telecommunication sector: The mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Review of Management and Marketing, 14(6), 409.
- Wantah, A. M., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Social media marketing and fast-food restaurant brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand gestalt. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 337-343.
- Wei, X., Jung, S., & Choi, T. M. (2022). Share it or buy it? Exploring the effects of product brand attachment on commercial sharing services. Journal of Business Research, 153, 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.08.029
- Wu, J. C., Tsai, P. H., Tang, J. W., & Chen, C. J. (2024). Do store and brand attachments influence customer loyalty? Evidence from Migrant Workers in Taiwan. SAGE Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241234794
- Xiao, K., Chung, S. J., Wong, R., Lee, B., Kim, H., & Zhu, B. (2025). Effect of familiarity, brand loyalty and food neophobicity on food acceptance: A case study of instant noodles with consumers in Seoul, Beijing, and Shanghai. Current Research in Food Science, 10, 101026. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRFS.2025.101026
- Xuanze, Z., Sam, T., Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2024). The influencing factors of game brand loyalty. Heliyon, 10(10), e31324. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E31324
- Yuen, K. F., Koh, L. Y., Wong, Y. Q., & Wang, X. (2023). Sustainable crowdsourced delivery: A study of technological, health, value, and trust antecedents of consumer loyalty. Journal of Cleaner Production, 405, 137010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.137010
References
Abdullah, J., Nuryanto, U. W., Nuryani, S., Fibriany, F. W., & Putra, I. N. (2022). Analysis of the influence of digital marketing and product quality on customer loyalty. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies (QEMS), 3(6), 842–851. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems1126
Aji, K. B., Dwi, B., & Nastiti, H. (2021). Analisis pengaruh digital marketing terhadap keputusan pembelian Grabfood di Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk. Journal of Sustainable Community, 3(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.32924/jscd.v3i2.44
Al-Dmour, R., Alkhatib, O. H., Al-Dmour, H., & Basheer Amin, E. (2023). The influence of social marketing drives on brand loyalty via the customer satisfaction as a mediating factor in travel and Tourism Offices. SAGE Open, 13(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231181433
Appiah, T., & Agblewornu, V. V. (2025). The interplay of perceived benefit, perceived risk, and trust in Fintech adoption: Insights from Sub-Saharan Africa. Heliyon, 11(2), e41992. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2025.E41992
Barijan, D., Ariningsih, E. P., & Rahmawati, F. (2021). The Influence of brand trust, brand familiarity, and brand experience on brand attachments. Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry, 3(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2021.3.1.7440
Centeno, D., & Mandagi, D. (2022). Destination brand gestalt and its effects on brand attachment and brand loyalty. Philippine Management Review, 29(1), 1-24.
Ebrahim, R. S. (2020). The Role of trust in understanding the Impact of social media marketing on brand equity and brand loyalty. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2019.1705742
Enshassi, M., Nathan, R. J., Soekmawati, & Ismail, H. (2025). Unveiling barriers and drivers of AI adoption for digital marketing in Malaysian SMEs. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11(2), 100519. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOITMC.2025.100519
Faruk, M., Rahman, M., & Hasan, S. (2021). How digital marketing evolved over time: A bibliometric analysis on Scopus database. Heliyon, 7(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08603
Firoozzare, A., Boccia, F., Yousefian, N., Ghazanfari, S., & Pakook, S. (2024). Understanding the role of awareness and trust in consumer purchase decisions for healthy food and products. Food Quality and Preference, 121, 105275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODQUAL.2024.105275
Gensler, S., & Rangaswamy, A. (2025). An emerging future for digital marketing: From products and services to sequenced solutions. Journal of Business Research, 190, 115230. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2025.115230
Ghozali, I. (2018). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 25. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Advanced issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). In Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Sage.
Hanaysha, J. R. (2022). Impact of social media marketing features on consumer’s purchase decision in the fast-food industry: Brand trust as a mediator. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100102
Hasan, M., & Sohail, M. S. (2021). The influence of social media marketing on consumers’ purchase decision: investigating the effects of local and nonlocal brands. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 33(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/08961530.2020.1795043
Indayani, L., & Maulidiyah, N. L. (2024). Digital marketing’s impact on consumer choices. Indonesian Journal of Law and Economics Review, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.21070/ijler.v19i3.1147
Japutra, A., Ekinci, Y., & Simkin, L. (2022). Discovering the dark side of brand attachment: Impulsive buying, obsessive-compulsive buying and trash talking. Journal of Business Research, 145, 442–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.03.020
Kainde, S. J., & Mandagi, D. W. (2023). From likes to loyalty: the interplay of social media marketing in shaping education institution brand attitude and loyalty. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 465–475.
Klein, A., & Sharma, V. M. (2022). Consumer decision-making styles, involvement, and the intention to participate in online group buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102808
Latif, A. S., Wibowo, T. S., Nurdiani, T. W., Alimin, E., & Suharyat, Y. (2023). Increasing consumer loyalty through service quality and consumer satisfaction in the digital era. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v7i2.9060
Lita, R. P., & Meuthia. (2023). Mediating role of consumer trust in local food restaurants on the relationship between social media marketing and consumer purchase intention in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v16i1.15513
Mandagi, D. W., Soewignyo, T., Kelejan, D. F., & Walone, D. C. (2024). From a hidden gem to a tourist spot: Examining brand gestalt, tourist attitude, satisfaction and loyalty in Bitung city. International Journal of Tourism Cities. 11(3-4), 564-590
Mashrur, S. M., & Mohamed, M. (2025). Uncovering factors affecting consumers’ decisions for pre-owned electric vehicles. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 139, 104555. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2024.104555
Mohammad, A. (2022). The impact of digital marketing success on customer loyalty. Marketing and Management of Innovations, 3, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2022.3-09
Moslehpour, M., Ismail, T., Purba, B., & Wong, W. K. (2022). What makes go-jek go in indonesia? The influences of social media marketing activities on purchase intention. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 17(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17010005
Ole, H. C., Sakka, E. W., & Mandagi, D. W. (2025). Perceived Quality, Brand Trust, Image, and Loyalty as Key Drivers of Fast Food Brand Equity. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 5(1), 99–124.
Philander, K. S., & Wimmer, B. S. (2025). Playing by the rules: Government regulation and consumer trust in the online poker industry. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 17, 100599. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHBR.2025.100599
Pop, R. A., Săplăcan, Z., Dabija, D. C., & Alt, M. A. (2022). The impact of social media influencers on travel decisions: the role of trust in the consumer decision journey. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(5), 823–843. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1895729
Queenditya, S. C., Lovely, L. B., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Linking Social Media Marketing and Brand Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Brand Gestalt. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance, 4(1), 17–34.
Rangaswamy, A., Moch, N., Felten, C., Bruggen, G. van, Wieringa, J. E., & Wirtz, J. (2020). The role of marketing in digital business platforms. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 51, 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.04.006
Rondonuwu, B. F., & Mandagi, D. W. (2023). Brand gestalt as a key determinant of tourist satisfaction and loyalty: Empirical study of super-priority destination Likupang. Jurnal Ekonomi, 12(02), 452-464.
Ruiz, M. J. S., Jiménez Calderón, C. E., Osorio Venecia, A. R., Santodomingo, A. A., & Forero, M. P. (2025). Bibliometric behavior of artificial intelligence and digital marketing sustainability. Procedia Computer Science, 257, 1047–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROCS.2025.03.136
Sijabat, L., Rantung, D. I., & Mandagi, D. W. (2022). The role of social media influencers in shaping customer brand engagement and brand perception. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 9(2), 280-288.
Solomon, M. R. (2019). Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being (12th ed.). Pearson.
Song, Y., Li, G., Li, T., &, & Li, Y. (2021). A purchase decision support model considering consumer personalization about aspirations and risk attitudes. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102728
Srisusilawati, P., Burhanudin, J., Trenggana, A. M., Anto, M. A., Kusuma, G. E., Rahmasari, L. F., ..., & Hadi, P. (2023). Loyalitas pelanggan. Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung.
Sugiyono. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Alfabeta.
Sun, H., Dai, Y. Y., Jeon, S. S., Lee, R., Wang, H., Shi, X., Sun, L., & Wang, Y. (2024). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment, brand loyalty, willingness to pay more, and forgiveness - For Chinese consumers of Korean cosmetic brands -. Heliyon, 10(16), e36030. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E36030
Sun, H., Dai, Y.-Y., Jeon, S.-S., Lee, R., Wang, H., Shi, X., ..., & Wang, Y. (2024). The impact of brand authenticity on brand attachment, brand loyalty, willingness to pay more, and forgiveness – For Chinese consumers of Korean cosmetic brands. Heliyon, 10(16). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36030
Sundström, M., & Lidholm, S. H. (2020). Re-positioning customer loyalty in a fast moving consumer goods market. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 28(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.09.004
Tumober, N. C., Langelo, C. G., Rantung, D. I., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Brand harmony: Exploring how destination brand gestalt influences tourist attitudes, satisfaction, and loyalty. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(02), 404–421.
Ugalde, C., & Küster, I. (2024). Brand attachment: The moderating effect of high and low involvement products. Journal of Consumer Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.29244/jcs.9.2.185-205
Walean, R. H., Gerungan, C. A., & Mandagi, D. W. (2025). The Triple Play: Social Media Marketing, Brand Trust, and Smartphone Purchase Decisions in Emerging Market. International Review of Management and Marketing, 15(6), 287.
Walean, R. H., Pongoh, H., & Mandagi, D. (2024). Integrating brand gestalt and customer loyalty in telecommunication sector: The mediating role of customer satisfaction. International Review of Management and Marketing, 14(6), 409.
Wantah, A. M., & Mandagi, D. W. (2024). Social media marketing and fast-food restaurant brand loyalty: The mediating role of brand gestalt. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 337-343.
Wei, X., Jung, S., & Choi, T. M. (2022). Share it or buy it? Exploring the effects of product brand attachment on commercial sharing services. Journal of Business Research, 153, 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.08.029
Wu, J. C., Tsai, P. H., Tang, J. W., & Chen, C. J. (2024). Do store and brand attachments influence customer loyalty? Evidence from Migrant Workers in Taiwan. SAGE Open, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241234794
Xiao, K., Chung, S. J., Wong, R., Lee, B., Kim, H., & Zhu, B. (2025). Effect of familiarity, brand loyalty and food neophobicity on food acceptance: A case study of instant noodles with consumers in Seoul, Beijing, and Shanghai. Current Research in Food Science, 10, 101026. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CRFS.2025.101026
Xuanze, Z., Sam, T., Zhang, X., & Liu, Y. (2024). The influencing factors of game brand loyalty. Heliyon, 10(10), e31324. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2024.E31324
Yuen, K. F., Koh, L. Y., Wong, Y. Q., & Wang, X. (2023). Sustainable crowdsourced delivery: A study of technological, health, value, and trust antecedents of consumer loyalty. Journal of Cleaner Production, 405, 137010. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2023.137010