Main Article Content
Abstract
This study investigates the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education, focusing on its impact on student achievement, equity, and systemic educational improvements. It explores how AI facilitates personalized learning, addresses educational disparities, and aligns academic outcomes with societal and workforce demands. A qualitative approach using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was employed to synthesize insights from recent peer-reviewed studies. The research analyzed the integration of AI into higher education, examining pedagogical strategies, systemic challenges, and ethical considerations. The findings reveal that AI significantly enhances student engagement and academic performance by personalizing learning experiences. It also supports educators by automating routine tasks, enabling more focused student interaction. AI can potentially democratize access to quality education, particularly in underserved regions. However, challenges such as resistance to change, technological infrastructure limitations, and ethical concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic bias were identified. The discussion emphasizes the need for ethical frameworks and inclusive policies to ensure effective and responsible AI integration. This study provides practical insights for universities, policymakers, and technology developers. Institutions are encouraged to invest in infrastructure, align curricula with AI advancements, and train educators in AI applications. Policymakers should support digital literacy initiatives and equitable technology access. These measures highlight AI’s capacity to create more inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable higher education systems, underscoring its transformative role in modern education.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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- Baker, R. S. (2016). Stupid Tutoring Systems, Intelligent Humans. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0105-0
- Benouachane, H. (2024). AI in Higher Education: Balancing Pedagogical Benefits and Ethical Challenges. 2(5). https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26349289
- Cahyono, N. F., & Mukaromah, S. (2023). Etika Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan Pada Teknologi Informasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi, 3(1), 482–491. https://doi.org/10.33005/sitasi.v3i1.334
- Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00408-3
- Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
- Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 100002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
- Crawford, J., Allen, K.-A., Pani, B., & Cowling, M. (2024). When artificial intelligence substitutes humans in higher education: the cost of loneliness, student success, and retention. Studies in Higher Education, 49(5), 883–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2326956
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- Fazil, A. W., Hakimi, M., & Shahidzay, A. K. (2023). A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BIAS IN AI ALGORITHMS. Nusantara Hasana Journal, 3(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.59003/nhj.v3i8.1052
- García-Martínez, I., Fernández-Batanero, J. M., Fernández-Cerero, J., & León, S. P. (2023). Analysing the impact of artificial intelligence and computational sciences on student performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(1), 171–197. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.1.1240
- George, B., & Wooden, O. (2023). Managing the strategic transformation of higher education through artificial intelligence. Administrative Sciences, 13(9), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196
- Herwanto, P., & Rosida. (2023). Mengoptimalkan Pembelajaran Online melalui AI: Peran dan Sikap Dosen dalam Meningkatkan Keterlibatan dan Kualitas Pembelajaran Mahasiswa. https://putrasoft.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Mengoptimalkan-Pembelajaran-Online-melalui-AI-Publish.pdf
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- Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
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- Kinshuk, Chen, N.-S., Cheng, I.-L., & Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution Is not enough: Revolutionizing Current Learning Environments to Smart Learning Environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0108-x
- Kolluru, V., Mungara, S., & Chintakunta, A. N. (2018). Adaptive learning systems: Harnessing AI for customized educational experiences. International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology (IJCSITY), 6(1), 2. https://www.academia.edu/download/117200385/6318ijcsity02.pdf.
- Luckin, R., & Holmes, W. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education.
- Martin, F., Zhuang, M., & Schaefer, D. (2024). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in K-12 education (2017–2022). Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100195
- Mercader, C., & Gairín, J. (2020). University teachers’ perception of barriers to the use of digital technologies: the importance of the academic discipline. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-0182-x
- Mikhaylov, S. J., Esteve, M., & Campion, A. (2018). Artificial intelligence for the public sector: opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2128), 20170357. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0357
- Murdan, A. P., & Halkhoree, R. (2024). Integration of Artificial Intelligence for educational excellence and innovation in higher education institutions. 2024 1st International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Artificial Intelligence (SESAI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SESAI61023.2024.10599402
- Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Nguyen, B.-P. T. (2023). Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4221–4241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11316-w
- Pedro, F., Subosa, M., Rivas, A., & Valverde, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12799/6533
- Putera, Z. F., Shofiah, N., Ramadhani, R. P., Maulidina, A., Puspitasari, P., & Purwaningsih, H. (2024). Readiness Dosen dalam Mengintegrasikan Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Pengajaran Menulis Teks Akademik di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia Metalingua, 9(2), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.21107/metalingua.v9i2.27713
- Rane, N., Choudhary, S., & Rane, J. (2023). Education 4.0 and 5.0: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for personalized and adaptive learning. Available at SSRN 4638365. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4638365
- Rasheed, Z., Ghwanmeh, S., & Abualkishik, A. Z. (2023). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Learning: A Systematic Review. Data and Metadata 2023; 2: 146-146. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2023146
- Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3
- Roshanaei, M., Olivares, H., & Lopez, R. R. (2023). Harnessing AI to foster equity in education: Opportunities, challenges, and emerging strategies. Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, 15(04), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.4236/jilsa.2023.154009
- Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers?: AI and the future of education. John Wiley & Sons.
- Shoaib, M., Sayed, N., Singh, J., Shafi, J., Khan, S., & Ali, F. (2024). AI student success predictor: Enhancing personalized learning in campus management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 158, 108301. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108301
- Sifaoui, A., Eastin, M. S., Wilcox, G. B., & Doorey, A. M. (2024). Privacy, Artificial Intelligence, and Vulnerable Children on Social Media. The Darker Side of Social Media: Consumer Psychology and Mental Health.
- Slimi, Z., & Carballido, B. V. (2023). Navigating the Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: An Analysis of Seven Global AI Ethics Policies. TEM Journal, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-02
- Subroto, D. E., Supriandi, S., Wirawan, R., & Rukmana, A. Y. (2023). Implementasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang bagi Dunia Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(07), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i07.542
- Thohir, M., Reditiya, V. E., & Sari, N. I. P. (2023). Refleksi mahasiswa dalam berkeadaban digital melalui ChatGPT. Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(2), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i2.3978
- Wang, X., & Wu, Y. C. (2024). Balancing innovation and Regulation in the age of geneRative artificial intelligence. Journal of Information Policy, 14. https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.14.2024.0012
- Weng, X., Ye, H., Dai, Y., & Ng, O. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Computational Thinking in Educational Contexts: A Systematic Review of Instructional Design and Student Learning Outcomes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 07356331241248686. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331241248
- William, P., Ayasrah, F. T. M., Hajiyeva, R. J., Lakshmi, G. P., Roy, D. K., & Verma, A. (2024). Ai Based Digital Education Policy And Regulation: Navigating The Legal Landscape. Library Progress International, 44(3), 5553–5563. https://bpasjournals.com/library-science/index.php/journal/article/view/1492.
- Wu, M., Wang, Y., & Haworth, I. S. (2023). Investing in Student Success Through the Use of Artificial Intelligence. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(8), 100395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100395
- Xu, Z. (2024). AI in education: Enhancing learning experiences and student outcomes. Applied and Computational Engineering, 51(1), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/51/20241187
- Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
- Zhou, X., Zhang, J., & Chan, C. (2024). Unveiling students’ experiences and perceptions of Artificial Intelligence usage in higher education. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. https://doi.org/10.53761/xzjprb23
References
Abulibdeh, A., Zaidan, E., & Abulibdeh, R. (2024). Navigating the confluence of artificial intelligence and education for sustainable development in the era of industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical dimensions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 437, 140527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140527
Ayeni, O. O., Al Hamad, N. M., Chisom, O. N., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). AI in education: A review of personalized learning and educational technology. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 18(2), 261–271. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.2.0062
Baker, R. S. (2016). Stupid Tutoring Systems, Intelligent Humans. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 600–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0105-0
Benouachane, H. (2024). AI in Higher Education: Balancing Pedagogical Benefits and Ethical Challenges. 2(5). https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26349289
Cahyono, N. F., & Mukaromah, S. (2023). Etika Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan Pada Teknologi Informasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi, 3(1), 482–491. https://doi.org/10.33005/sitasi.v3i1.334
Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00408-3
Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264–75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D., & Hwang, G.-J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, 100002. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
Crawford, J., Allen, K.-A., Pani, B., & Cowling, M. (2024). When artificial intelligence substitutes humans in higher education: the cost of loneliness, student success, and retention. Studies in Higher Education, 49(5), 883–897. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2326956
Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Coeckelbergh, M., López de Prado, M., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2023). Connecting the dots in trustworthy Artificial Intelligence: From AI principles, ethics, and key requirements to responsible AI systems and regulation. Information Fusion, 99, 101896. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101896
Eden, C. A., Chisom, O. N., & Adeniyi, I. S. (2024). Integrating AI in education: Opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations. Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(2), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2024.10.2.0039
Fazil, A. W., Hakimi, M., & Shahidzay, A. K. (2023). A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF BIAS IN AI ALGORITHMS. Nusantara Hasana Journal, 3(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.59003/nhj.v3i8.1052
García-Martínez, I., Fernández-Batanero, J. M., Fernández-Cerero, J., & León, S. P. (2023). Analysing the impact of artificial intelligence and computational sciences on student performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 12(1), 171–197. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2023.1.1240
George, B., & Wooden, O. (2023). Managing the strategic transformation of higher education through artificial intelligence. Administrative Sciences, 13(9), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196
Herwanto, P., & Rosida. (2023). Mengoptimalkan Pembelajaran Online melalui AI: Peran dan Sikap Dosen dalam Meningkatkan Keterlibatan dan Kualitas Pembelajaran Mahasiswa. https://putrasoft.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Mengoptimalkan-Pembelajaran-Online-melalui-AI-Publish.pdf
Hine, C. (2021). Evaluating the prospects for university-based ethical governance in artificial intelligence and data-driven innovation. Research Ethics, 17(4), 464–479. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470161211022
Holmes, W., Bialik, M., & Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education promises and implications for teaching and learning. Center for Curriculum Redesign.
Hooda, M., Rana, C., Dahiya, O., Rizwan, A., & Hossain, M. S. (2022). Artificial intelligence for assessment and feedback to enhance student success in higher education. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2022(1), 5215722. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5215722
Kaharuddin, Ahmad, D., Mardiana, Latif, I., Arafah, B., & Suryadi, R. (2024). Defining the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving English Writing Skills Among Indonesian Students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 15(2), 568–678. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1502.25
Kinshuk, Chen, N.-S., Cheng, I.-L., & Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution Is not enough: Revolutionizing Current Learning Environments to Smart Learning Environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0108-x
Kolluru, V., Mungara, S., & Chintakunta, A. N. (2018). Adaptive learning systems: Harnessing AI for customized educational experiences. International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology (IJCSITY), 6(1), 2. https://www.academia.edu/download/117200385/6318ijcsity02.pdf.
Luckin, R., & Holmes, W. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education.
Martin, F., Zhuang, M., & Schaefer, D. (2024). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence in K-12 education (2017–2022). Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 6, 100195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100195
Mercader, C., & Gairín, J. (2020). University teachers’ perception of barriers to the use of digital technologies: the importance of the academic discipline. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-0182-x
Mikhaylov, S. J., Esteve, M., & Campion, A. (2018). Artificial intelligence for the public sector: opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society a: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2128), 20170357. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0357
Murdan, A. P., & Halkhoree, R. (2024). Integration of Artificial Intelligence for educational excellence and innovation in higher education institutions. 2024 1st International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Artificial Intelligence (SESAI), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/SESAI61023.2024.10599402
Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Nguyen, B.-P. T. (2023). Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(4), 4221–4241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11316-w
Pedro, F., Subosa, M., Rivas, A., & Valverde, P. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12799/6533
Putera, Z. F., Shofiah, N., Ramadhani, R. P., Maulidina, A., Puspitasari, P., & Purwaningsih, H. (2024). Readiness Dosen dalam Mengintegrasikan Kecerdasan Buatan untuk Pengajaran Menulis Teks Akademik di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia Metalingua, 9(2), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.21107/metalingua.v9i2.27713
Rane, N., Choudhary, S., & Rane, J. (2023). Education 4.0 and 5.0: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for personalized and adaptive learning. Available at SSRN 4638365. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4638365
Rasheed, Z., Ghwanmeh, S., & Abualkishik, A. Z. (2023). Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Learning: A Systematic Review. Data and Metadata 2023; 2: 146-146. https://doi.org/10.56294/dm2023146
Roll, I., & Wylie, R. (2016). Evolution and Revolution in Artificial Intelligence in Education. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 582–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-016-0110-3
Roshanaei, M., Olivares, H., & Lopez, R. R. (2023). Harnessing AI to foster equity in education: Opportunities, challenges, and emerging strategies. Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, 15(04), 123–143. https://doi.org/10.4236/jilsa.2023.154009
Selwyn, N. (2019). Should robots replace teachers?: AI and the future of education. John Wiley & Sons.
Shoaib, M., Sayed, N., Singh, J., Shafi, J., Khan, S., & Ali, F. (2024). AI student success predictor: Enhancing personalized learning in campus management systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 158, 108301. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108301
Sifaoui, A., Eastin, M. S., Wilcox, G. B., & Doorey, A. M. (2024). Privacy, Artificial Intelligence, and Vulnerable Children on Social Media. The Darker Side of Social Media: Consumer Psychology and Mental Health.
Slimi, Z., & Carballido, B. V. (2023). Navigating the Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: An Analysis of Seven Global AI Ethics Policies. TEM Journal, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM122-02
Subroto, D. E., Supriandi, S., Wirawan, R., & Rukmana, A. Y. (2023). Implementasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang bagi Dunia Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan West Science, 1(07), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.58812/jpdws.v1i07.542
Thohir, M., Reditiya, V. E., & Sari, N. I. P. (2023). Refleksi mahasiswa dalam berkeadaban digital melalui ChatGPT. Intelektual: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Studi Keislaman, 13(2), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.33367/ji.v13i2.3978
Wang, X., & Wu, Y. C. (2024). Balancing innovation and Regulation in the age of geneRative artificial intelligence. Journal of Information Policy, 14. https://doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.14.2024.0012
Weng, X., Ye, H., Dai, Y., & Ng, O. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Computational Thinking in Educational Contexts: A Systematic Review of Instructional Design and Student Learning Outcomes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 07356331241248686. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331241248
William, P., Ayasrah, F. T. M., Hajiyeva, R. J., Lakshmi, G. P., Roy, D. K., & Verma, A. (2024). Ai Based Digital Education Policy And Regulation: Navigating The Legal Landscape. Library Progress International, 44(3), 5553–5563. https://bpasjournals.com/library-science/index.php/journal/article/view/1492.
Wu, M., Wang, Y., & Haworth, I. S. (2023). Investing in Student Success Through the Use of Artificial Intelligence. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(8), 100395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100395
Xu, Z. (2024). AI in education: Enhancing learning experiences and student outcomes. Applied and Computational Engineering, 51(1), 104–111. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/51/20241187
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0
Zhou, X., Zhang, J., & Chan, C. (2024). Unveiling students’ experiences and perceptions of Artificial Intelligence usage in higher education. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. https://doi.org/10.53761/xzjprb23