Main Article Content
Abstract
This study evaluates the sustainability of organizational welfare and human resource (HR) management in enhancing long-term corporate performance. It explores how sustainable HRM strategies and employee welfare policies contribute to workforce stability, engagement, and corporate resilience while aligning with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards. This research adopts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to synthesize existing studies on HR sustainability, employee well-being, and corporate performance. The study systematically reviews academic literature from leading databases, focusing on theoretical perspectives, empirical findings, and best practices in HR sustainability and organizational welfare. The analysis identifies critical themes, trends, and research gaps to understand the topic comprehensively. The findings suggest that sustainable HR policies positively impact employee productivity, innovation, and corporate reputation. Organizations that integrate HR sustainability within their business strategies experience higher workforce engagement, lower turnover rates, and improved adaptability to industry disruptions. However, challenges persist, including the trade-off between cost efficiency and long-term workforce investment and difficulties in aligning HR sustainability with ESG frameworks and digital transformation. This study underscores the need for strategic HR investments, emphasizing continuous learning, workforce well-being, and ethical leadership. The findings provide business leaders, policymakers, and HR professionals with actionable insights to develop sustainable workforce policies that drive corporate growth, employee satisfaction, and competitive advantage.
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References
- Adegoke, A. A., Oyindamola, K. A., & Offonabo, N. (2024). The Role of HR in Sustainability Initiatives: A Strategic Review. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 7(5 SE-Articles), 31–37. https://journal.ijresm.com/index.php/ijresm/article/view/3025
- Almerri, H. S. H. (2023). Investigating The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Retention: Moderating Role of Employee Engagement. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 13(4), 488–507. https://doi.org/10.33168/JSMS.2023.0429
- Ampong, I. (2024). Assessing the effect of employee welfare and compensation on organizational performance: a case of Sahel Sahara Bank Ghana limited. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2315690. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2315690
- Amrutha, V. N., & Geetha, S. N. (2020). A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119131
- Barton, D. H. (2017). Effect of inclusive climate on worker engagement and turnover intentions for female technology workers. Northcentral University.
- Bilad, D. I., Agung Harikusuma Nugroho, Siti Mujanah, & Achmad Yanu Alif Fianto. (2024). Optimization of Human Resource Strategies by Investigating Employee Work Safety, Physical Health, and Psychological Well-Being Within a Moderated Well-Being Framework. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(04 SE-Articles), 1258–1275. https://www.ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/5980
- Bilderback, S. (2024). Integrating training for organizational sustainability: the application of Sustainable Development Goals globally. European Journal of Training and Development, 48(7/8), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-01-2023-0005
- Chen, W., Ren, H., & Shu, Y. (2024). The Impact of Corporate Digital Transformation on Sustainable Development in China. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4120
- Cheng, Q. (2024). Digital Transformation as a Catalyst for High-Quality Development: Examining Total Factor Productivity and ESG Performance in China’s Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 12426–12442. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5849
- Cooke, F. L., Dickmann, M., & Parry, E. (2022). Building sustainable societies through human-centred human resource management: Emerging issues and research opportunities. In The InTernaTIonal Journal of human resource managemenT (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 1–15). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.2021732
- De Stefano, F., Bagdadli, S., & Camuffo, A. (2018). The HR role in corporate social responsibility and sustainability: A boundary‐shifting literature review. Human Resource Management, 57(2), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21870
- Diaz‐Carrion, R., López‐Fernández, M., & Romero‐Fernandez, P. M. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and employee engagement: A holistic assessment instrument. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1749–1760. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1921
- Ehnert, I., Parsa, S., Roper, I., Wagner, M., & Muller-Camen, M. (2016). Reporting on sustainability and HRM: a comparative study of sustainability reporting practices by the world’s largest companies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(1), 88–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1024157
- Feng, Y., & Nie, C. (2024). Digital technology innovation and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance: Evidence from a sample of listed firms in China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2781
- Fitri, S. (2024). Evaluation of Compensation Policies and Their Impact on Employee Retention in the Food Industry. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.62569/iijb.v1i1.6
- Gubler, T., Larkin, I., & Pierce, L. (2018). Doing well by making well: The impact of corporate wellness programs on employee productivity. Management Science, 64(11), 4967–4987. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2883
- Guest, D. E. (2017). Human resource management and employee well‐being: Towards a new analytic framework. Human Resource Management Journal, 27(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12139
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
- Islami, M. M., Asdar, M., & Baumassepe, A. N. (2021). Analysis of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use to the actual system usage through attitude using online guidance application. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 3(1), 52-64.
- Järlström, M., Saru, E., & Vanhala, S. (2018). Sustainable Human Resource Management with Salience of Stakeholders: A Top Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(3), 703–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3310-8
- Kandpal, V., Jaswal, A., Santibanez Gonzalez, E. D. R., & Agarwal, N. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) and E.S.G. Reporting: Redefining Business in the Twenty-First Century BT - Sustainable Energy Transition: Circular Economy and Sustainable Financing for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Practices (V. Kandpal, A. Jaswal, E. D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez, & N. Agarwal (eds.); pp. 239–272). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52943-6_8
- Kartolo, A. B., & Kwantes, C. T. (2019). Organizational culture, perceived societal and organizational discrimination. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 38(6), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-10-2018-0191
- Kossek, E. E., Thompson, R. J., & Lautsch, B. A. (2015). Balanced workplace flexibility: Avoiding the traps. California Management Review, 57(4), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.5
- Lee, M., Pak, A., & Roh, T. (2024). The interplay of institutional pressures, digitalization capability, environmental, social, and governance strategy, and triple bottom line performance: A moderated mediation model. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3755
- Madero-Gómez, S. M., Rubio Leal, Y. L., Olivas-Luján, M., & Yusliza, M. Y. (2023). Companies could benefit when they focus on employee wellbeing and the environment: a systematic review of Sustainable Human Resource Management. Sustainability, 15(6), 5435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065435
- Martínez-Falcó, J., Sánchez-García, E., Marco-Lajara, B., & Millán-Tudela, L. A. (2024). Enhancing employee wellbeing and happiness management in the wine industry: unveiling the role of green human resource management. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01703-y
- Maryani, M., & Gazali, A. U. (2024). The Effect of Work Conflict on Job Stress and Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 158-171.
- Maryani, M., Nurhadi, N., & Adnan, M. A. B. (2022). Implementation of job commitment and job motivation toward optimization of job satisfaction through employee performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(2),
- Morgeson, F. P., Brannick, M. T., & Levine, E. L. (2019). Job and work analysis: Methods, research, and applications for human resource management. Sage Publications.
- Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2017). Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-04-2016-0036
- Ononiwu, M. I., Onwuzulike, O. C., & Shitu, K. (2024). The role of digital business transformation in enhancing organizational agility. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(3), 285–308. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2670
- Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The ‘What’, ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Employee Well-Being: A New Model. Social Indicators Research, 90(3), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9270-3
- Parker, S. K., & Knight, C. (2024). The SMART model of work design: A higher order structure to help see the wood from the trees. Human Resource Management, 63(2), 265–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22200
- Qamar, F., Afshan, G., & Rana, S. A. (2024). Sustainable HRM and well-being: systematic review and future research agenda. Management Review Quarterly, 74(4), 2289–2339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00360-6
- Ren, S., Cooke, F. L., Stahl, G. K., Fan, D., & Timming, A. R. (2023). Advancing the sustainability agenda through strategic human resource management: Insights and suggestions for future research. Human Resource Management, 62(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22169
- Ren, S., Tang, G., & E. Jackson, S. (2018). Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 769–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9532-1
- Richards, J. (2022). Putting employees at the centre of sustainable HRM: a review, map and research agenda. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(3), 533–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2019-0037
- Saha, N., Gregar, A., & Sáha, P. (2017). Organizational agility and HRM strategy: Do they really enhance firms’ competitiveness? International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 323–334. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3335720
- Sahabuddin, S., Sutrisno, T., Subekti, I., & Andayani, W. (2021). The effect of public governance, human resource quality, characteristics of the government internal supervisory apparatus, and the government internal
- Salle, I. Z. (2015). Akuntabilitas Manuntungi: Memaknai Nilai Kalambusang pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Kawasan Adat Ammatoa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 6(1), 28-37.
- Sjahruddin, H., Ampauleng, A., Abdullah, S., Muhammadin, A., Anto, A., Hasmawati, H., ... & Yudistira, Y. (2024). Pengelolaan Limbah Cangkang Lobster Air Tawar sebagai bentuk Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya
- Sepetis, A., Rizos, F., Pierrakos, G., Karanikas, H., & Schallmo, D. (2024). A sustainable model for healthcare systems: The innovative approach of ESG and digital transformation. Healthcare, 12(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020156
- Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2015). Workplace Well-Being: The Role of Job Crafting and Autonomy Support. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0034-y
- Tan, Q. L., Hashim, S., & Zheng, Z. (2025). Environmental Social Governance (ESG) in Digitalization research: A bibliometric analysis. SAGE Open, 15(1), 21582440241310950. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241310953
- Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866211006173
- Van Tiem, D., Moseley, J. L., & Dessinger, J. C. (2012). Fundamentals of performance improvement: Optimizing results through people, process, and organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
- Wu, Y., Ivashkovskaya, I., Besstremyannaya, G., & Liu, C. (2025). Unlocking Green Innovation Potential Amidst Digital Transformation Challenges—The Evidence from ESG Transformation in China. Sustainability, 17(1), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010309
- Yusof, F. (2022). Enhancing Middle Management’s Competencies on Employee Engagement in a Diverse Workplace. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2022060615585
- Zafar, A., & Akhtar, G. K. H. (2020). Effect of succession planning on leadership elevation. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v11i2.469
- Zhang, C., Tian, X., Sun, X., Xu, J., & Gao, Y. (2024). Digital Transformation, Board Diversity, and Corporate Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 16(17), 7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177788
- Zito, M., Cortese, C. G., & Colombo, L. (2019). The role of resources and flow at work in well-being. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019849732. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019849732
References
Adegoke, A. A., Oyindamola, K. A., & Offonabo, N. (2024). The Role of HR in Sustainability Initiatives: A Strategic Review. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 7(5 SE-Articles), 31–37. https://journal.ijresm.com/index.php/ijresm/article/view/3025
Almerri, H. S. H. (2023). Investigating The Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Retention: Moderating Role of Employee Engagement. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 13(4), 488–507. https://doi.org/10.33168/JSMS.2023.0429
Ampong, I. (2024). Assessing the effect of employee welfare and compensation on organizational performance: a case of Sahel Sahara Bank Ghana limited. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2315690. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2315690
Amrutha, V. N., & Geetha, S. N. (2020). A systematic review on green human resource management: Implications for social sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 247, 119131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119131
Barton, D. H. (2017). Effect of inclusive climate on worker engagement and turnover intentions for female technology workers. Northcentral University.
Bilad, D. I., Agung Harikusuma Nugroho, Siti Mujanah, & Achmad Yanu Alif Fianto. (2024). Optimization of Human Resource Strategies by Investigating Employee Work Safety, Physical Health, and Psychological Well-Being Within a Moderated Well-Being Framework. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(04 SE-Articles), 1258–1275. https://www.ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/5980
Bilderback, S. (2024). Integrating training for organizational sustainability: the application of Sustainable Development Goals globally. European Journal of Training and Development, 48(7/8), 730–748. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-01-2023-0005
Chen, W., Ren, H., & Shu, Y. (2024). The Impact of Corporate Digital Transformation on Sustainable Development in China. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4120
Cheng, Q. (2024). Digital Transformation as a Catalyst for High-Quality Development: Examining Total Factor Productivity and ESG Performance in China’s Manufacturing Sector. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 12426–12442. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5849
Cooke, F. L., Dickmann, M., & Parry, E. (2022). Building sustainable societies through human-centred human resource management: Emerging issues and research opportunities. In The InTernaTIonal Journal of human resource managemenT (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 1–15). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.2021732
De Stefano, F., Bagdadli, S., & Camuffo, A. (2018). The HR role in corporate social responsibility and sustainability: A boundary‐shifting literature review. Human Resource Management, 57(2), 549–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21870
Diaz‐Carrion, R., López‐Fernández, M., & Romero‐Fernandez, P. M. (2020). Sustainable human resource management and employee engagement: A holistic assessment instrument. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1749–1760. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1921
Ehnert, I., Parsa, S., Roper, I., Wagner, M., & Muller-Camen, M. (2016). Reporting on sustainability and HRM: a comparative study of sustainability reporting practices by the world’s largest companies. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(1), 88–108. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1024157
Feng, Y., & Nie, C. (2024). Digital technology innovation and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance: Evidence from a sample of listed firms in China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2781
Fitri, S. (2024). Evaluation of Compensation Policies and Their Impact on Employee Retention in the Food Industry. Involvement International Journal of Business, 1(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.62569/iijb.v1i1.6
Gubler, T., Larkin, I., & Pierce, L. (2018). Doing well by making well: The impact of corporate wellness programs on employee productivity. Management Science, 64(11), 4967–4987. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2883
Guest, D. E. (2017). Human resource management and employee well‐being: Towards a new analytic framework. Human Resource Management Journal, 27(1), 22–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12139
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
Islami, M. M., Asdar, M., & Baumassepe, A. N. (2021). Analysis of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use to the actual system usage through attitude using online guidance application. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 3(1), 52-64.
Järlström, M., Saru, E., & Vanhala, S. (2018). Sustainable Human Resource Management with Salience of Stakeholders: A Top Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 152(3), 703–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3310-8
Kandpal, V., Jaswal, A., Santibanez Gonzalez, E. D. R., & Agarwal, N. (2024). Corporate Social Responsibility (C.S.R.) and E.S.G. Reporting: Redefining Business in the Twenty-First Century BT - Sustainable Energy Transition: Circular Economy and Sustainable Financing for Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Practices (V. Kandpal, A. Jaswal, E. D. R. Santibanez Gonzalez, & N. Agarwal (eds.); pp. 239–272). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52943-6_8
Kartolo, A. B., & Kwantes, C. T. (2019). Organizational culture, perceived societal and organizational discrimination. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 38(6), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-10-2018-0191
Kossek, E. E., Thompson, R. J., & Lautsch, B. A. (2015). Balanced workplace flexibility: Avoiding the traps. California Management Review, 57(4), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.5
Lee, M., Pak, A., & Roh, T. (2024). The interplay of institutional pressures, digitalization capability, environmental, social, and governance strategy, and triple bottom line performance: A moderated mediation model. Business Strategy and the Environment. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3755
Madero-Gómez, S. M., Rubio Leal, Y. L., Olivas-Luján, M., & Yusliza, M. Y. (2023). Companies could benefit when they focus on employee wellbeing and the environment: a systematic review of Sustainable Human Resource Management. Sustainability, 15(6), 5435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065435
Martínez-Falcó, J., Sánchez-García, E., Marco-Lajara, B., & Millán-Tudela, L. A. (2024). Enhancing employee wellbeing and happiness management in the wine industry: unveiling the role of green human resource management. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01703-y
Maryani, M., & Gazali, A. U. (2024). The Effect of Work Conflict on Job Stress and Employee Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 4(2), 158-171.
Maryani, M., Nurhadi, N., & Adnan, M. A. B. (2022). Implementation of job commitment and job motivation toward optimization of job satisfaction through employee performance. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 20(2),
Morgeson, F. P., Brannick, M. T., & Levine, E. L. (2019). Job and work analysis: Methods, research, and applications for human resource management. Sage Publications.
Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2017). Enhancing organizational commitment and employee performance through employee engagement. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 6(1), 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-04-2016-0036
Ononiwu, M. I., Onwuzulike, O. C., & Shitu, K. (2024). The role of digital business transformation in enhancing organizational agility. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(3), 285–308. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2670
Page, K. M., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009). The ‘What’, ‘Why’ and ‘How’ of Employee Well-Being: A New Model. Social Indicators Research, 90(3), 441–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9270-3
Parker, S. K., & Knight, C. (2024). The SMART model of work design: A higher order structure to help see the wood from the trees. Human Resource Management, 63(2), 265–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22200
Qamar, F., Afshan, G., & Rana, S. A. (2024). Sustainable HRM and well-being: systematic review and future research agenda. Management Review Quarterly, 74(4), 2289–2339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00360-6
Ren, S., Cooke, F. L., Stahl, G. K., Fan, D., & Timming, A. R. (2023). Advancing the sustainability agenda through strategic human resource management: Insights and suggestions for future research. Human Resource Management, 62(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22169
Ren, S., Tang, G., & E. Jackson, S. (2018). Green human resource management research in emergence: A review and future directions. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 35(3), 769–803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9532-1
Richards, J. (2022). Putting employees at the centre of sustainable HRM: a review, map and research agenda. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 44(3), 533–554. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2019-0037
Saha, N., Gregar, A., & Sáha, P. (2017). Organizational agility and HRM strategy: Do they really enhance firms’ competitiveness? International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6, 323–334. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3335720
Sahabuddin, S., Sutrisno, T., Subekti, I., & Andayani, W. (2021). The effect of public governance, human resource quality, characteristics of the government internal supervisory apparatus, and the government internal
Salle, I. Z. (2015). Akuntabilitas Manuntungi: Memaknai Nilai Kalambusang pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Kawasan Adat Ammatoa. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 6(1), 28-37.
Sjahruddin, H., Ampauleng, A., Abdullah, S., Muhammadin, A., Anto, A., Hasmawati, H., ... & Yudistira, Y. (2024). Pengelolaan Limbah Cangkang Lobster Air Tawar sebagai bentuk Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya
Sepetis, A., Rizos, F., Pierrakos, G., Karanikas, H., & Schallmo, D. (2024). A sustainable model for healthcare systems: The innovative approach of ESG and digital transformation. Healthcare, 12(2), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020156
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2015). Workplace Well-Being: The Role of Job Crafting and Autonomy Support. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0034-y
Tan, Q. L., Hashim, S., & Zheng, Z. (2025). Environmental Social Governance (ESG) in Digitalization research: A bibliometric analysis. SAGE Open, 15(1), 21582440241310950. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241310953
Van den Broeck, A., Howard, J. L., Van Vaerenbergh, Y., Leroy, H., & Gagné, M. (2021). Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis on self-determination theory’s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation. Organizational Psychology Review, 11(3), 240–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866211006173
Van Tiem, D., Moseley, J. L., & Dessinger, J. C. (2012). Fundamentals of performance improvement: Optimizing results through people, process, and organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Wu, Y., Ivashkovskaya, I., Besstremyannaya, G., & Liu, C. (2025). Unlocking Green Innovation Potential Amidst Digital Transformation Challenges—The Evidence from ESG Transformation in China. Sustainability, 17(1), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010309
Yusof, F. (2022). Enhancing Middle Management’s Competencies on Employee Engagement in a Diverse Workplace. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2022060615585
Zafar, A., & Akhtar, G. K. H. (2020). Effect of succession planning on leadership elevation. Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences, 11(2), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v11i2.469
Zhang, C., Tian, X., Sun, X., Xu, J., & Gao, Y. (2024). Digital Transformation, Board Diversity, and Corporate Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 16(17), 7788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177788
Zito, M., Cortese, C. G., & Colombo, L. (2019). The role of resources and flow at work in well-being. Sage Open, 9(2), 2158244019849732. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019849732